CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PRELIMINERIES Due to highly development of chemical and biochemical industries‚ acetic acid has largely produced to fulfil the needs of world demand in production of daily used products and for pharmaceutical needs. Therefore‚ this study is carried out to introduce the production of acetic acid using biological pathways which includes the used of microorganisms. In this chapter will briefly explained on the knowledge about acetic acid and the microorganism
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The origins of the first world war has been debated indefinitely‚ and with great controversy. Fritz Fischer‚ dubbed the “the most important German historian of the 20th century”‚ argues that the responsibility for starting the war should rest solely on the shoulders of Germany‚ as their actions were carried out with the goal of world domination.‚ Fischer’s argument has been openly criticised by two modern historians‚ Niall Ferguson and Sean McMeekin‚ who insist Fischer’s claims display personal bias
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Histidine. These standards and the unknown were separated by performing a method of chromatography. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed by using a mobile phase and a stationary phase. The mobile phase was a nonpolar solvent composed of ethanol and ethyl acetate. The solid stationary phase was coated with silica gel‚ which is very polar. The amino acids were spotted onto two TLC plates; the plates were then placed in a chamber which contained the mobile phase. The plates were sprayed with 0.1% Ninhydrin
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A simple‚ precise‚ accurate and rapid High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of of ellagic acid‚ chlorogenic acid‚ gallic acid and quercetin in the leaf extract of Terminalia tomentosa and its Formulation. The stationary phase used was precoated silica gel 60F254.The mobile phase used was a mixture of Butyl acetate: Formic Acid: Distilled Water 14:5:5 (v/v). The detection of spots were carried out at 254 nm. This HPTLC method
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Practical Book Review of Petersen Text Lori Edwards Azuru Liberty University Summary James Petersen (2007) illustrates an innovative way of communicating in the book‚ Why Don’t We Listen Better? Communicating and Connecting in Relationships. This book is divided into five sections. In part one Petersen (2007) discusses the “Flat-Brain Theory of Emotions” (p. 10-11). This is his way of explaining what occurs when one is overcome with emotions‚ and can no longer communicate with
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Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement‚ not replace‚ the laboratory manual. A Diels-Alder Reaction History and Application: The 1950 Nobel prize in chemistry was awarded to Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder for their breakthrough work on the discovery and development of [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions i. This set of reactions are enormously useful in the synthesis of six membered rings in a single stepii. These are used in many pharmaceutical applications. Tamiflu® is a drug which
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Final Organic Study Guide: Be able to develop an Experiment Beginning to End * Find a good reaction * Good reaction is defined by high yield‚ green chemistry (less waste‚ less harmful chemicals) * Reaction found on Reaxys * Find MSDS Sheet for all Compounds (Reactants‚ Products and Side Products) * It is important to know what you are working with * The toxicity category numbers are there to gauge how toxic the chemical is‚ 4 being most severe and 1 being least
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Alyssa Caparelli Organic Chemistry 12A Professor Alston October 28‚ 2014 Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to isolate ß-carotene‚ chlorophyll-A‚ and chlorophyll-B from spinach using column chromatography. Spinach was dehydrated using ethanol‚ and the pigments were extracted with dichloromethane. The spinach extracts were dried using CaCl2. Then‚ the solid pigments were run through a column using a non-polar solvent‚ hexane
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that’s exactly how they feel. Fischer is emphasizing that they must fight for Jesus but also accusing the Muslim race for teaching their kids violence by making them blow up things. Violence is not of God‚ whether it’s in the name of Jesus or not‚ yet she is saying fighting fire with fire is good as long as it’s for the right reason. Opening Tone is already very contradictory. Hypocrisy is a leading factor in why people look at Christianity as a joke sometimes. Fischer doesn’t directly say it but she
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Studies of Stock Price Volatility Changes Fischer Black‚ Massachusetts Institute of Technology This article explains the analysis of Fischer Black on the volatility of underlying shares that flow in the cash market. Fischer Black also determines and explains how futures trading affect cash market volatility. Volatility may be described as a time series indicator which enables traders to quantify changes in market prices. Volatility can be characterized as historical or implied. Historical
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