McGregor’s theory X and theory Y McGregor developed two theories of human behaviour at work: Theory and X and Theory Y. He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other. Rather‚ he saw the two theories as two extremes - with a whole spectrum of possible behaviours in between. Theory X workers could be described as follows: - Individuals who dislike work and avoid it where possible - Individuals who lack ambition‚ dislike responsibility and prefer to be led - Individuals who desire
Premium Motivation Psychology
Flexible Benefits: its effects on employee and organisational outcomes Abstract The primary purpose of the present study was to examine organisational and individual outcomes of implementing flexible benefits. The current study has presented evidence on some of the main reasons why firms have (or have not) adopted flex benefit plans. The use of the benefits model has made links to the external and internal environmental drivers of benefit preferences and has stated that these drivers play a vital
Premium Employee benefit Employment compensation Human resource management
1 EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOTIVATION AT USE IN THE WORKPLACE Leadership Concepts and Applications LET1 Student#: March 30‚ 2012 2 What is Motivation? Motivation is a word popularly used to explain why people behave as they do. Some psychologists and scientists view motivation as the factor that determines behavior‚ as expressed in the phrase “all behavior is motivated” (World Book‚ 1992). Some scientists view motivation as the factor that energizes behavior. According to this
Premium Motivation Reward system
formulated the eminent definition of a theory as “a set of systematic‚ informed hunches about the way things operate”‚ but she is also the founder of Expectancy Violation Theory (EVT). EVT is a communication theory that aims to provide an explanation for the nonverbal patterns and behaviors that occur when individuals interact interpersonally. Burgoon is a behavioral scientist that connects the dots between human interaction and influence of behavioral outcomes. The theory supports that dyadic social interaction
Premium Psychology Sociology Communication
The use of Expectancy and Reinforcement Theories of Motivation Expectancy theory refers to the cognitive or mental process of a person in regards to choosing or making a choice. It explains the process a person goes through to make a choice. There are three components to this the Expectancy theory they are Expectancy‚ Instrumentality‚ and Valance. The expectancy component is a person’s belief that the effort they put forward will lead to a certain type of performance. The instrumentality component
Premium Motivation
Expectancy Violation Theory (Paper Rough Draft) Expectancy Violation Theory‚ or more commonly referred to as EVT‚ is the study of attempting to explain one’s reactions to unexpected behavior of their peers‚ and the various meanings that people attribute to the violation‚ or infringement‚ of their personal space. Judee Burgoon defines personal space as the invisible‚ variable volume of space surrounding an individual that defines that individual’s preferred distance from others. I will explain
Premium Expectancy violations theory Nonverbal communication Proxemics
lifestyle choices the most important factor influencing life expectancy in developed countries? Tutor Name: Damian Murphy Student ID Number: 2169121 Date of Submission: October 27th‚ 2014 ALife expectancy can be defined as an arithmetical average annual number that an individual is expected to live. Nowadays‚ due to the rapidly development of science technology and the progress of medical treatment and public health‚ the life expectancy of human beings has been gradually lengthened since the
Premium Sleep Life expectancy Personal life
Question 1 Prepare a new contribution report for February‚ in which: * The static budget column in the contribution report is replaced with a flexible budget column. * The variances in the contribution report are recomputed as the difference between the flexible budget and actual columns. Answer Particulars | Static Budget | Flexible Budget | Actual | Variance | Unit (pounds) | 200000 | 225000 | 225000 | 0 | Revenue | 1600000 | 1800000 | 1777500 | 22500 U | Direct Material
Premium Management accounting Variable cost Contribution margin
Topic: “In a news article titled‚ Shifting Gear: Chrysler Gains Edge by Giving New Flexibility to Its Factories (WSJ‚ 04/11/2006) presented the benefits and case for flexible manufacturing. Comment on the advantages and disadvantage of flexible manufacturing? Comment on the scope economies presented in the news article? What does the existence of such economies imply about the production of autos in growing fragmented market? “ In the news article‚ “Chrysler Gains Edge by Giving New Flexibility
Premium Manufacturing Costs
Smith Wholesale’s budgeted sales price is $40 per unit for a budgeted sales volume of 5‚000 units. The actual performance was 5‚500 units at an average sales price of $39.75. The total dollar amount of the flexible budget sales variance is a favorable variance of $. Smith Wholesale’s budgeted sales price is $40 per unit for a budgeted sales volume of 5‚000 units. The actual performance was 5‚500 units at an average sales price of $39.75. The dollar amount of sales variance to the difference in actual
Premium Variable cost Costs Fixed cost