Torsion- twisting of the embryo along the left-right axis (similar to the twist of the body when a golfer swings at the ball). MOST prominent in the 48-hour chick embryo Flexion- bending of the embryo along the anterior-posterior axis. In amniotes the tip of the head bends towards the heart. Types of flexion: cranial flexion‚ cervical flexion‚ pontine flexure‚ dorsal flexure‚ caudal flexure. ^Cervical flexure- ventral bend in embryo at transition between myelencephalon and spinal cord ^Dosal Flexure-
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sport is when catching a cricket ball. Joint Type | Movement at joint | Examples | Structure | Comparison | Hinge | Flexion/Extension | Elbow/Knee | Hinge joint | The hinge joint is different to the pivot joint as it can do flexion and extension whereas the pivot can do rotation. | Pivot | Rotation of one bone around another | Top of the
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humerus: flexion‚ medial rotation‚ abduction biceps brachii short head coracoid process of scapula long head supraglenoid tubercle of scapula radial tuberosity‚ bicipital aponerousis humerus: flexion forearm: supination‚ flexion brachialis (in b/w) anterior distal half of humerus tuberosity of ulna forearm: flexion brachioradialis (long‚ to radius) lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus styloid process of radius forearm: flexion triceps brachii
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Types of joints: Ball-and-socket joint: Consists of a bone with a globular or slightly egg-shaped head that articulates with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone. Such a joint allows a wider range of motion than does any other kind‚ permitting movements in all planes‚ as well as rotational movement around a central axis. The hip and shoulder contain joints of this type. Condyloid joint: The ovoid condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of another bone‚ as in the joints between the
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Serratus Anterior 1. ABDUCTION of Shoulder Girdle Joint 2. UPWARD ROTATION of Shoulder Girdle Joint Pectoralis Minor 1. ABDUCTION of Shoulder Girdle Joint Pectoralis Major 1. FLEXION of Shoulder Joint 2. HORIZONTAL FLEXION of Shoulder Joint 3. MEDIAL (INTERNAL) ROTATION of Shoulder Joint Rhomboid Minor 1. ADDUCTION of Shoulder Girdle Joint 2. DOWNWARD ROTATION of Shoulder Girdle Joint Rhomboid Major 1. ADDUCTION of Shoulder Girdle Joint 2. DOWNWARD ROTATION of Shoulder Girdle
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to the fibula but has no attachment to the lateral meniscus. Both collaterals lie slightly posterior to the lateral axis of the knee joint and are taut when the knee is full extension. This positioning of the ligaments causes a slackness when flexion occurs‚ allowing medial and lateral rotation to take
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Chapter 28 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES What You Will Learn • The purposes of range of motion exercises • Types of range of motion exercises • The In-Home Aide’s responsibilities when giving range of motion exercises • How to give range of motion exercises according to proper procedure Purposes of Range of Motion Exercises (ROM) The musculoskeletal system must be exercised to remain healthy. ROM exercises prevent joints from becoming stiff and contractures (deformities)
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constant tension and range of motion moving a load. b) Eccentric contraction: The muscle lengthens with constant tension throughout the range of motion moving a load. ~~~ 1·‚_ .o eo! o’""ClrL n "’- -.;.y ’c ‚ ‚ ....‚ ~‚ -r ~ 0 (0 } ‚ . _. 0 Flexion: Extension: Abduction: Adduction: Retraction: 4 .‚); 4 1’ Protraction: Elevation: Depression: 2 LAYER ONE: Trapezius (Consists of superior‚ middle and inferior fibers). 0: 1: A: EOP‚ medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line‚ ligamentum
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The movements at the shoulder joint are flexion‚ extension‚ abduction‚ adduction‚ internal and external rotation and circumduction. After the ball is thrown in the air via my left arm‚ my the right arm above my head involving extension of the shoulder joint. When the ball begins to fall‚ I further extend my arm to maximise the motion to therefore apply maximum force to the volleyball. This is then closely followed by a quick flexion of the shoulder joint once my shoulder has reached its
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sometimes during bathing and grooming. RANGE OF MOTION: Elbow Flexion: Right: 0-110 degree‚ Left: 0-115 degree (Normal: 0-135
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