face Ketonemia & acidosis with blood pH: < 7.3 Serum bicarbonate level < 15 mEq/L Kussmaul Respirations Nausea Vomiting Polyuria Abdominal Pain Fruity Breath Odor (acetone) Electrolyte imbalance If DKA untreated: Possibly Fatal Treatment for DKA IV fluids to treat dehydration & balance electrolytes Insulin to lower blood glucose level & stop production of ketones Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes Medication Insulin Injections Insulin Pump Rapid-Acting Onset:
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NURSING DIAGNOSIS (in priority order) PATIENT-CENTERED GOALS NURSING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION Risk for hypovolemia related to excessive fluid loss secondary to caesarean section as evidenced by: Subjective Data: Patient states: “I feel lightheaded and weak.” Objective Data: Elevated pulse (97)‚ blood loss from C-section of 704 mL‚ low hemoglobin (8.1) and hematocrit levels (24.7). (Before C-section‚ her hemoglobin levels were 13.1‚ her hematocrit levels 36). Short Term Goal
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1. Describe the mechanism by which normal fluid regulation in the body occurs? The kidneys remove extra body fluids in the bloodstream; this waste is stored in the bladder. If the fluid regulations system is working right the kidneys will make less urine to save your body’s fluids so you don’t become dehydrated. 2. What is considered to be excessive thirst and urination in an adult? Excessive thirst is the intake of more than one gallon of fluid per day. Excessive urination is more than
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Pancreatitis Brandon C. Hyatt Salem State University The first part of this paper will be an overview of the pathophysiology of pancreatitis‚ which is an inflammation of the pancreas‚ and the second part will elaborate on my clinical experience with a patient I was taking care that suffered from pancreatitis. The pancreas is the organ within the human body that is located underneath the stomach and is responsible for insulin production and other certain digestive enzymes. Inflammation in the
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Hyperphosphatemia Electrolyte imbalances which can potentiate dig toxicity: Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypercalcemia Electrolyte imbalances which can cause dysrhythmias: Hypo/ hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia Both HYPO and HYPER natremia can cause mental confusion‚ seizures‚ and coma Both HYPO and HYPER kalemia can cause cardiac dysrhythmias progressing to ventricular fibrillation and asystole. Think "cardiac" with both. Hyperkalemia is the most deadly of all electrolyte imbalances. Chvostek’s
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influencing Surgical Risk Age Nutrition Fluid and Electrolyte balance General health status: infection‚ cardiovascular disease‚ pulmonary problems‚ liver dysfunctions‚ renal dysfunctions or metabolic disorders Medications affecting Surgery Anticoagulants like aspirin and NSAIDS should be discontinued 2 weeks Tranquilizers may cause hypotension and shock Antibiotics like aminoglycosides may intensify effects of anesthesia Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalance antiHPN may cause hypotension
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Acknowledgement We would like to thank these people for making this case study a successful one: • Our ever-supportive and loving parents‚ for imparting their trust to us and providing us financial support to come up with this kind of activity. • To SPO4 Joel A. Balio‚ for welcoming us and allowing us to stay in their residence. • To our client‚ who trusted us and allowed us to conduct a case study about her condition and being open to all the necessary things that we need to know. • To the
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Richard J. Daley College Nursing 101 Data Collection for Care Plan Section I – Demographic Data: Patient Initials: K. J. Sex: Female MSWD: Married Age: 44 No. of children: 1 Occupation: Disabled Section II- Admission Data 1. Date admitted: 10/19/2007 2. Admitting diagnosis: Hematomesis‚ melanotic stools‚ cirrhosis‚ hepatorenal syndrome. 3. Allegries: Codiene 4. Signs and symptoms on admission: jaundice appearance‚ lethargic‚ oriented x 1‚ vomiting bright red blood‚ has had
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been like? 7. Have you had any radiation therapy to your head and/or neck? 8. Have your menstrual periods been altered? 3. You know that potential causes of R.M.’s symptoms include depression‚ hypothyroidism‚ anemia‚ cardiac disease fluid and electrolyte imbalance and allergies. As part of your screening procedures‚ describe how you would begin to investigate which of these conditions probably do not account for R.M.’s symptoms. During the physical assessment‚ a focus should be on auscultation
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so toxic that only small amounts can be tolerated by the body. The liver steps in and helps convert this poison to urea‚ a safer version of this waste product that can be easily removed in urine. The urinary system not only controls the body’s fluid
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