and that some such patients present with "typical hyperosmolar nonketotic coma"‚ but on closer inspection have varying degrees of ketoacidosis. 2. Insulin and its antagonists DKA is best seen as a disorder that follows on an imbalance between insulin levels and levels of counterregulatory hormones. Put simply: |"Diabetic ketoacidosis is due to a marked deficiency of insulin in the face of high levels of hormones | |that oppose the effects of insulin‚ particularly glucagon. Even
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I. Kidney Anatomy A. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 200 liters of fluid from the bloodstream‚ allowing toxins‚ metabolic wastes‚ and excess ions to leave the body in urine while returning needed substances to the blood; of this‚ only 1-2 L of urine is actually formed daily B. Location and External Anatomy 1. Kidneys - bean-shaped organs that lie retroperitoneal in the superior lumbar region. 2. The medial surface is concave and has a renal
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Fluid‚ Electrolyte‚ and pH Balance 1. The maintenance of normal volume and composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids is vital to life. List and briefly describe the kinds of homeostasis involved. In males and females‚ intracellular fluid has a greater proportion of total body water than does extracellular fluid. Give-and-take between the ICF and the ECF happens across plasma membranes by osmosis‚ diffusion‚ and carrier-mediated transport. The kinds of homeostasis involved are fluid
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Fluid and Electrolytes Know the causes‚ nursing assessment findings and treatments for: Fluid Volume Excess (Overload): heart failure‚ renal failure‚ abnormal fluid shift‚ treat with diuretics and fluid restriction or sodium restrictions‚ record i&o’s‚ bounding pulse‚ JDV‚ crackles in lungs (from PE)‚ SOB‚ PITTING EDEMA Fluid Volume Deficit (Hypo-Volemia): shift from plasma into ICF with sodium loss‚ treat with isotonic fluids‚ blood products for blood loss‚ low BP‚ increase HR‚ weak thready pulse
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50million/mcL 4.74 million/mcL 3.45 million/mcL Low RBC due to perforation of diverticulitis. Increase fluids and have patient rest. Hgb 12.0-16.0g/dL 14.8 g/dL 11.0 g/dL GI bleed due to diverticulitis. Increase fluids and supplement iron. 44.1 % 31.5 % 195 k/mcL 217 k/mcL Hct 36.0-46.0% Platelets 150-450k/mcL Blood lose due to diverticulitis. Increase fluids. Diagnostics: CMP 121 mg/dL 104 mg/dL 137 mmol/L 139 mmol/L 4.1 mmol/L 3.4 mmol/L 9.0 mg/dL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………. 1 1.1 Case study overview ..………………………………………….. 1 1.2 Prednisolone overview …………………………………………. 1 Chapter 2 Case Analysis [clinical complexities] ………………………………… 2 2.1 Complex Issues [COPD and hypertension] ………………… 2 2.2 Complex Issues [Prednisolone use] ………………………….. 2 Chapter 3 Prednisolone Pharmacokinetics …….………………………………… 3 Chapter 4 Prednisolone Pharmacodynamics …….……………………………… 4 Chapter
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Preterm Labor- uterine contractions causing cervical change that occur between 20-37 weeks of pregnancy. Premature Rupture of Membranes- the spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac and leakage of amniotic fluid that occurs at any time before labor. Women report a sudden gush or slow leak of fluid from the vagina. Women are hospitalized in order to prolong pregnancy to allow the fetus to mature unless complications such as infection occur. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus- glucose intolerance that occurs
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MCN 005 1. Myrna‚ who’s 4 months pregnant asks the nurse how much and what type of exercise she should get during pregnancy. How should nurse Maricel counsel her? a. “Try high-intensity aerobics‚ but limit sessions to 15 minutes daily.” b. “Perform gentle back-lying exercises for 30 minutes daily.” c. “Walk briskly for 10 to 15 minutes daily‚ and gradually increase this time.”( Taking brisk walks is one of the easiest ways to exercise during pregnancy. The client should begin by walking
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relative body water content by age and gender 2. Know what the two main fluid compartments in the body are 3. Know what fluids make up the extracellular fluid compartment (see Figure 26.1 on page 991) 4. Know which fluids are considered to be part of the interstitial fluid (see bottom of 1st column on page 991) 5. Know what electrolytes are‚ how they differ from nonelectrolytes‚ which has the greater osmotic power‚ and which electrolyte is never secreted into the filtrate produced by the kidneys 6. Know
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What is a challenging behaviour? Challenging behaviour is term used to describe behaviour that interferes with an individual’s or carer’s daily life. Common examples of challenging behaviour are aggression‚ self-injurious behaviour‚ property destruction‚ oppositional behaviour‚ stereotyped behaviours‚ socially inappropriate behaviour‚ withdrawn behaviour and self-destructive behaviour. The term ‘challenging behaviour’ is used as a way to label the behaviours as challenging‚ rather than label
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