major and the common cause is formation kick. (Slide 7) Before I go through that‚ I will first explain about the drilling fluid. During drilling‚ a drilling fluid or a mud is used. As you can see in the figure‚ this is the driller‚ and this is the drilling fluid that is used. One of the main functions of this drilling fluid is to provide hydrostatic pressure to prevent formation fluids such as
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equations commonly used in fluid mechanics: the Bernoulli equation and the energy equation. The Bernoulli equation is concerned with the conservation of kinetic‚ potential‚ and flow energies of a fluid stream‚ and their conversion to each other in regions of flow where net viscous forces are negligible‚ and where other restrictive conditions apply. The energy equation is a statement of the conservation of energy principle and is applicable under all conditions. In fluid mechanics‚ it is found to
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5.2 Principle of Operation of N-Channel JFET: These are two prerequisites while considering the principle of operation of JFET. Gates are always reverse biased and therefore Gate current IG is practically zero. Source and Drain terminal should be joined together through a voltage source called VDS‚ drain to source voltage. In an N-channel JFET‚ source terminal is connected to the negative end of the drain to source supply voltage to send the lectron from source to drain and similarly for an P-channel
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5-1 Chapter 5 MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES Conservation of Mass 5-1C Mass‚ energy‚ momentum‚ and electric charge are conserved‚ and volume and entropy are not conserved during a process. 5-2C Mass flow rate is the amount of mass flowing through a cross-section per unit time whereas the volume flow rate is the amount of volume flowing through a cross-section per unit time. 5-3C The amount of mass or energy entering a control volume does not have to be equal to the amount
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seals are pieces of engineering marvel. Process industries could meet today’s stringent environmental pollution regulations through the effective sealing of even the most difficult fluids. This paper describes different kinds of seals‚ their design‚ properties and functioning. Effect of various factors like seal balance‚ face pressure‚ temperature and lubrication on performance of seal and probable causes of seal leakage with their corrective action has also been described. Mechanical seals arrest
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ACID BASE IMBALENCE INTRODUCTION The body normally maintains a steady balance between acids‚ produced during metabolism and bases that neutralize and promote the excretion of the acids.Many health problems may lead to acid base imbalance.Patients with Diabetis mellitus ‚COPD‚and kidney disease frequently frequently develop acid base imbalences. Vomiting and diarrhea may also cause acid base imbalance.The kidneys are an essential buffer system for
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Laws of Motion Bernoulli’s Principle In fluid dynamics‚ Bernoulli’s principles states that an increase in the speed of the fluid corresponds to a decrease in pressure of the same fluid. Similarly‚ the decrease in pressure corresponds to a loss in the potential energy of the fluid. The principle is applicable to various types of fluids‚ which leads to Bernoulli’s equation. There are different types of Bernoulli’s equation depending on the nature of fluid in use. The principle is valid for most compressible
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SEDIMENTATION According to Brown (1950)‚ sedimentation is the separation of a suspension into a supernatant clear fluid and a rather dense slurry containing a higher concentration of solid. According to Perry ()‚ sedimentation is the partial separation or concentration of suspended solid particles from a liquid by gravity settling. This field may be divided into the functional operations of thickening‚ whose purpose is to increase the concentration of suspended solids in a feed stream; and clarification
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Prevention really is the best cure. Meningitis is the inflammation of the fluid and membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord‚ known as the meninges. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain or spinal cord. There are three main types of the meningitis infection: bacterial (both infectious and non-infectious)‚ viral‚ and fungal/environmental (including parasitic). Meningitis may develop in response to a number of causes‚ usually bacteria or viruses
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TITLE: Water Based Drilling Fluid Analysis EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Analysis of drilling fluids is essential to their performance. In this laboratory exercise the aim is to test three drilling fluid samples for; density and rheological properties‚ Fluid loss‚ chemical analysis i.e. testing pH‚ alkalinity‚ testing for chloride ions‚ calcium carbonate‚ calcium‚ bentonite; also determining the amount of solids present in the samples as well as volumes of oil‚ water and solids contained in the sample‚ and
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