In most cases flow does have some form of friction‚ either due to the viscous nature of the fluid or due to the turbulent behaviour of the flow (Sherwin & Horsley‚ 1996). The continuity equation is a form of the conservation of mass‚ applied to flowing fluids. In the flow the mass flow rate of the fluid entering and leaving the system must be the same (Sherwin & Horsley‚ 1996). It states the product of the density‚ area and velocity of a fluid is a constant in each particular case: ρ1A1v1=ρ2A2v2
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Fluid and Electrolytes Study Guide -Fluids and Electrolytes move between interstitial fluid (surrounds the cell) and the intravascular fluid (blood plasma‚ capillaries). -Intracellular Fluid: -Extracellular Fluid: -Interstitial Fluid -Intravascular Fluid -Transcellular Fluid -Filtration: movement of water and smaller molecules through a semipermeable membrane. it s promoted by hydrostatic pressure‚ lack of this will call edema and unable to concentrate urine -Diffusion: from a high concentration
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Basic equations of fluid statics | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | An equation representing pressure field P = P (x‚ y‚ z) within fluid at rest is derived in this section. Since the fluid is at rest‚ we can define the pressure field in terms of space dimensions (x‚ y and z) only. Consider a fluid element of rectangular parellopiped shape( Fig : L - 7.1) within a large fluid region which is at rest. The forces acting on the element are body and surface forces. | | Body force
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open end pointing directly towards the fluid flow. As the fluid flows in the tube‚ it becomes stagnant since there is no direct opening at the other end for it to exit from. As the inert fluid rises‚ it creates a pressure of its own. This pressure is equivalent to the dynamic pressure‚ which can be seen as the kinetic energy of the fluid per unit weight. F.X. Pitot originally used this device to analyze the pressure created by the stagnating fluid at the other end of the tube. He did this
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contraction of the pipeline as a result of rising and falling pressure levels‚ respectively‚ are shown: 1. For t = 0‚ the pressure profile is steady‚ which is shown by the pressure head curve running horizontally because of the assumed lack of friction. Under steady-state conditions‚ the flow velocity is 0. 2. The sudden closure of the gate valve at the downstream end of the pipeline causes a pulse of high pressure _h; and the pipe wall is stretched. The pressure wave generated runs in the
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the nutritional needs of babies until they are fully weaned and using information from carers plan a programme of weaning Weaning is recommended to start at 6 months when stores of iron are depleted‚ continuing on until the transition from wholly fluid meals to regular solid ones is complete – e.g. 18 months old. A document could collect information based on professional knowledge and existing methods: Feeding routines Feed amounts Foods parents would like baby to try Foods actually being
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The history of the intravenous therapy is less than a century old. Yet‚ it is well known that medication could be injected directly into the vein as early as the 1600’s‚ because of the lack of scientific methods‚ original attempts to deliver IV fluids and drugs met with little success. Two world wars brought in the era of modern IV therapy. However‚ the greatest advance in drugs‚ equipment‚ and procedures has occurred in the past 25 years. The first intravenous injections were experimented with in
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and non- Newtonian fluid experiment Seaker and non- Newtonian fluid experiment A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid whose flow properties cannot be described by a single constant viscosity. An inexpensive‚ non-toxic example of a non-Newtonian fluid is a solution of corn starch (corn flour) and water‚ sometimes called oobleck. The application of force - for example by stabbing the surface with a finger‚ or rapidly inverting the container holding it - leads to the fluid behaving like a solid
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Centrifugal Tutorial Centrifugal Pump A centrifugal pump is one of the simplest pieces of equipment. Its purpose is to convert energy of an electric motor or engine into velocity or kinetic energy and then into pressure of a fluid that is being pumped. The energy changes occur into two main parts of the pump‚ the impeller and the volute. The impeller is the rotating part that converts driver energy into the kinetic energy. The volute is the stationary part that converts the kinetic energy into
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