interstitial fluid‚ and intracellular fluid are identical‚ but the quantity of each substance varies among the compartments. The most striking differences are the low protein content in interstitial fluid compared with intracellular fluid and plasma and the fact that sodium and chloride ions are largely extracellular‚ whereas most of the potassium ions (approximately 90%) are intracellular. This unequal distribution of ions results in a voltage difference across cell membranes. Extracellular fluid can be
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Liquid fuels such as gasoline‚ diesel‚ fuel oil light‚ fuel oil heavy or kerosene have to be atomized and well mixed with the combustion air before burned. Therefor nozzles are used. Nozzles are divided into two groups: Pressure atomizers and twin-fluid atomizers. 5.1.1 Pressure atomizers Pressure atomizers are differed into turbulence nozzles and liquid sheet nozzles. At both types of nozzles the energy from the liquid pressure is converted into kinetic energy and a small part of it into forming
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1 4 1 1. Basic Concepts of Fluid Flow 6 7 o 3 4 ‚9 ‚9 ’0 ’3 ’3 :1 ’‚8 16 17 19 10 15 15 17 )9 !1 1.1 Introduction Fluids are substances whose molecular structure offers no resistance to external shear forces: even the smallest force causes deformation of a fluid particle. Although a significant distinction exists between liquids and gases‚ both types of fluids obey the same laws of motion. In most cases of interest‚ a fluid can be regarded as continuum‚ i
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developed mosaic pieces. Not only are mosaics beautiful works of art; but they also revealed much about Roman activities‚ historical
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FALL 2012 ME 305 FLUID MECHANICS I EXPERIMENT 1 MEASUREMENT OF FLUID PROPERTIES PREPARATION: In this course‚ you will conduct the experiments at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory‚ by yourselves‚ without any help or instruction from the teaching assistants. You must read the lab sheet thoroughly and understand what you are expected to do (and why) for each experiment‚ before coming to the lab. At the end of each experiment‚ you will have to do certain calculations‚ present and plot (when asked)
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Examining areas of the history of ancient Israel‚ one can see how the influence of the Mosaic covenant is seen “as a legalistic covenant‚ in which you are saved by keeping the laws” (Shepherd‚ 2000)‚ and the Decalogue dictated the boundaries God was setting for His Nation‚ where there is no room for doubt or defiance being tolerated. The literary theme from the Pentateuch emerges in the writings of Isaiah‚ Micah and Jeremiah as prophetical books which were written relating to the spiritual issues
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point in a fluid has the same magnitude in all directions. (Pressure is a scalar) Variation of Pressure with Depth It will come as no surprise to you that pressure in a fluid at rest does not change in the horizontal direction. This can be shown easily by considering a thin horizontal layer of fluid and doing a force balance in any horizontal direction. However‚ this is not the case in the vertical direction in a gravity field. Pressure in a fluid increases with depth because more fluid rests on
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Fluid Catalytic Cracking Fluid catalytic cracking* (FCC) is the most important conversion process used in petroleum refineries. It is widely used to convert the high-boiling hydrocarbonfractions of petroleum crude oils into more valuable [1][2][3] gasoline‚ olefinic gases and other products. . Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons for conversion of heavy fractions into lighter fractions was originally done by thermal cracking which has been almost completely replaced by catalytic cracking because
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joints‚ which means that they have a cavity in the joints that contains synovial fluid. Joints are not just made of bone‚ because if they were‚ friction would keep them from moving smoothly. The body uses cartilage and the synovial fluid to reduce friction in joints. Osteoarthritis happens when cartilage wears away over time and exposes bone to bone and increases friction‚ which is very painful. Synovial fluid is a fluid-like material that is present in many of the joints of the body. It serves the
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EN 1029 Laboratory Laboratory FM Declaration: In submitting this report‚ I hereby declare that‚ except where I have made clear and full reference to the work of others‚ this submission‚ and all the material (e.g. text‚ pictures‚ diagrams) contained in it‚ is my own work‚ has not previously been submitted for assessment‚ and I have not knowingly allowed it to be copied by another student. In the case of group projects‚ the contribution of group members has been appropriately quantified. I understand
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