Forced and free convection Laboratory Introduction Convection‚ along with conduction and radiation is one of the three ways in which heat is transferred. In convection‚ heat can be exchanged from one fluid to another. In this experiment‚ a heated plate is in contact with air inside a rectangular cross section duct. The air is heated by conduction from the heated plate. The density of the air decreases as it is heated and this makes the warm air rise. Colder air‚ which in turn is less dense‚ then
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Cohesion Phenomenon of intermolecular forces holding particles of a substance together. Cohesion differs from adhesion in being the force of attraction between adjacent particles within the same body; adhesion is the interaction between the surfaces of different bodies. The force of cohesion in gases can be observed in the liquefaction (condensation) of a gas‚ which is the result of a number of molecules being pressed together to produce forces of attraction high enough to give a liquid structure
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measurement and the discharge coefficient can be determined. This test section can be used to demonstrate those circumstances to which Bernoulli’s Theorem may be applied as well as in other circumstances where the theorem is not sufficient to describe the fluid behaviour. EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES ♦ Bernoulli’s Theorem and its limitations ♦ Measurements of the static and total head distribution along a Venturi tube ♦ Meter coefficient at various flow rates SOLTEQ® Equipment for Engineering Education &
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resistance and heat transfer in circulation type evaporators‚ part IV: Two-phase flow resistance in boiling refrigerants. Annexe 1972-1‚ Bulletin‚ de l’Institut du Froid‚ 1979. Heppner‚ D. B.‚ King‚ C. D.‚ Littles‚ J. W. Zero-G experiments in twophase fluids flow patterns‚ in: The ICES Conf.‚ San Francisco‚ CA‚ ASME paper No. TS-ENAs-24‚ 1975. Hurlbert‚ K.M.‚ Witte‚ L.C.‚ Best‚ F.R.‚ Kurwitz‚ C. Scaling two-phase flows to Mars and Moon gravity conditions. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 30‚ 351–368‚ 2004. Lee‚ H
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operated co-currently or counter currently. In the former‚ both fluids involved are fed into the unit from the same point causing them to flow along each other. In counter current operation‚ the liquid is fed at the top of the absorber‚ flows downwards and contacts with rising gas fed from beneath. Absorbers can be classified as tray towers or packed towers. In tray towers‚ the interfacial surface area required for contact between the two fluids is provided by stepwisely arranged plates or trays whereas
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Abstract Meningitis is an infection of the subarachnoid space (located between the middle arachnid matter and the inner pia mater) of the meninges‚ which is the thin layer of tissues that line the brain and the spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the subarachnoid space and the meninges‚ providing cushion for the brain and the spinal cord‚ and filling the internal spaces within the brain. There are 2 main types of meningitis‚ including bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis
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Machining Operations In MACHINING‚ the shape‚ size‚ finish and accuracy are obtained by removing the excess material from the workpiece surface. Various surfaces are obtained as an interaction between a workpiece and a cutting tool with the help of a contrivance known as MACHINE TOOL. Prof. S.K. Choudhury‚ Mechanical Engineering Department‚ IIT Kanpur 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Machining Variety of work materials can be machined. o Most frequently used to cut metals Variety of
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total drag of an object may be due to pressure as well as frictional effects. In this situation the coefficient of drag‚ CD‚ is defined as Equation 1 where F is the force‚ AP is the projected area of the surface‚ is the density of the fluid‚ and v∞ is the free-stream fluid velocity. The quantity is often called the dynamic pressure. This equation can be used to solve for the coefficient of drag from experimental data. The force and the air velocity can be measured during an experiment‚ the projected
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8.4448 + 0.5757 *10 −2 T − 0.2159 *10 −5 T 2 + 0.3059 *10 −9 T 3 where T is in °F and Cp is in BTU/(lb mol) (°F). Convert the equation so that T can be in °C and Cp will be in J/(g mol) (K) Problem #3: A manometer uses kerosene‚ Sp.Gr. 0.82 as the fluid. A reading of 5 [in] on the manometer is equivalent of how many millimeters of mercury? Problem # 4: Suppose that a submarine inadvertently sinks to the bottom of the ocean at a depth of 1000 m. It is proposed to lower a diving bell to the submarine
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characteristics of an impulse turbine. Apparatus: Armfield Pelton Turbine‚ Armfield Hydraulics Bench and digital tachometer. Sketch a labeled schmematic diagram of the apparatus. Theory and Definitions: (Ref. Munson/Young/Okiishi A Brief Introduction to Fluid Mechanics‚ 3/e‚ p. 479) 1. Ideal Power and efficiency From 1-D energy equation‚ derive the ideal (inviscid flow) power output of an impulse turbine in terms of the flow rate and jet velocity. Review the definition of output power of a rotating
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