has 51% light transmission at pH 2. At pH 9 the Trypsin has 39% light transmission. Between pH 2 and pH 9 the percentage of light transmission decreases at a steady rate‚ until it reaches pH 8 where there is a steep increase from 30% to 39% as the enzyme has reached its optimum pH at 8. During the experiment in the boiling tube this pH had the deepest red colour as the most protein gelatine was broken up. This meant that in the colorimeter when testing to see what the light transmission‚ this pH let
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current transmission system (FACTS) is a system composed of static equipment used for the AC transmission of electrical energy. It is meant to enhance controllability and increase power transfer capability of the network. It is generally a power electronics-based system. FACTS is defined by the IEEE as "a power electronic based system and other static equipment that provide control of one or more AC transmission system parameters to enhance controllability and Technology Transmission on a
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ICTON 2009 Mo.B2.4 PAPR Reduction Techniques for Coherent Optical OFDM Transmission Bernhard Goebel‚ Graduate Student Member‚ IEEE‚ Stephan Hellerbrand‚ Graduate Student Member‚ IEEE‚ Norman Haufe‚ Norbert Hanik‚ Member‚ IEEE Institute for Communications Engineering‚ Technische Universität München‚ D-80290 Munich‚ Germany E-mail: Bernhard.Goebel@tum.de ABSTRACT In coherent optical OFDM systems‚ the large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) gives rise to signal impairments through the nonlinearity
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HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system dates back to the 1930s when mercury arc rectifiers were invented. Since the 1960s‚ HVDC transmission system is now a mature technology and has played a vital part in both long distance transmission and in the interconnection of systems. Transmitting power at high voltage and in DC form instead of AC is a new technology proven to be economic and simple in operation which is HVDC transmission. HVDC transmission systems‚ when installed‚ often
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more visibility and support efforts encompassing beliefs and faith practices. Mass media has also negatively impacted the foundation of religion because it has allowed for the loss of the core meaning of the religion’s belief infrastructure during transmission. Historically‚ this form of communication works against established religious values. The relationship between mass
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Merchant power plants differ from traditional rate-based power plants as to: 1) how they are financed and 2) where they sell the electricity they generate. A merchant power plant is funded by investors and sells electricity in the competitive wholesale power market. Since a merchant plant is not required to serve any specific retail consumers‚ consumers are not obligated to pay for the construction‚ operations or maintenance of the plant. A traditional rate-based power plant‚ on the other hand
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through Wireless Transmission ECE-CSIT Seminar Idea The various technologies available so far for wireless transmission of electricity and the use of Wireless System of Energy Transmission are discussed. This Electricity through Wireless Transmission ECE-CSIT Seminar Idea concentrated on Tesla Theory‚ microwave power transmission (MPT) called Solar power satellite‚ and highly efficient fiber lasers for wireless power transmission. Especially the distribution and transmission losses are the main
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accountability to achieve greater operational and economic efficiency and enhance the competitiveness of Philippine products in the global market; (d) To enhance the inflow of private capital and broaden the ownership base of the power generation‚ transmission and distribution sectors; (e) To ensure fair and non-discriminatory treatment of public and private sector entities in the process of restructuring the electric power industry; (f) To protect the public interest as it is affected by the
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be erected to transmit power without any undue loss in power distribution. It has to plan for long-term development of the distribution system‚ to give satisfactory service to consumers of all categories. Faulty lines have to be replaced by new transmission lines with fully concealed and distribution centers. * It is the responsibility of the distribution
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VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECTS (A Case Study of Kenya Electricity Transmission Company-KETRACO) Robert G. Waithaka January 14‚ 2011 Electricity is an essential part of our everyday lives. Kenya Electricity Transmission Company Limited (KETRACO)‚ which is responsible to plan‚ design‚ construct‚ own‚ operate and maintain high-voltage electricity transmission lines‚ fiber optic cables and associated substations was established to develop new high voltage electricity transmission infrastructure
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