office: Mortimer House‚ 37-41 Mortimer Street‚ London W1T 3JH‚ UK International Journal of Production Research Publication details‚ including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tprs20 Toyota production system and Kanban system Materialization of just-in-time and respect-for-human system Y. SUGIMORI ‚ K. KUSUNOKI ‚ F. CHO & S. UCHIKAWA a a a a a Production Control Department‚ Toyota Motor Co.‚ Ltd‚ 1 Toyota-cho‚ Toyota-shi‚ 471‚ Japan. Version
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Smith Wholesale’s budgeted sales price is $40 per unit for a budgeted sales volume of 5‚000 units. The actual performance was 5‚500 units at an average sales price of $39.75. The total dollar amount of the flexible budget sales variance is a favorable variance of $. Smith Wholesale’s budgeted sales price is $40 per unit for a budgeted sales volume of 5‚000 units. The actual performance was 5‚500 units at an average sales price of $39.75. The dollar amount of sales variance to the difference in actual
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Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260792 Technology Advances in Flexible Displays and Substrates JANGLIN CHEN AND C. T. LIU Industrial Technology Research Institute‚ Hsinchu 310-40‚ Taiwan Corresponding author: J. Chen (JanglinChen@itri.org.tw) ABSTRACT This paper reports the latest technological advances made by the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) in flexible displays‚ especially the flexible substrate‚ thin-film transistor (TFT) backplane‚ and active matrix organic
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What is a flexible budget? A flexible budget projects budget data for various levels of activity. The flexible budget is a series of static budgets at different levels of activity. The flexible budget recognizes that the budgetary process is more useful if it is adaptable to changed operation conditions. Flexible budgets can be prepared for each of the types of budgets include in the master budget‚ so depending on your particular business you will have different budgets in your flexible budget
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for flexible manufacturing. Comment on the advantages and disadvantage of flexible manufacturing? Comment on the scope economies presented in the news article? What does the existence of such economies imply about the production of autos in growing fragmented market? “ In the news article‚ “Chrysler Gains Edge by Giving New Flexibility to Its Factories”‚ more emphasis is placed on how Detroit’s Big 3 and especially Chrysler is catching up with its Japanese rivals by adapting flexible manufacturing
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The Constitution of the United States should is a flexible and dynamic document‚ that changes as the country it was framed for grows. This argument is not founded by what’s written in the constitution‚ but what’s absent. The framers were some of the greatest minds of the time period‚ and fabricated the constitution to protect those freedoms that had been denied to them by their former governments. These men however chose not to address how they wanted their words to be interpreted over time. They
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A proper flexible organization provides its work force arrangements where employees are given greater freedom to balance their work and personal commitments such as family‚ higher education‚ community activities‚ religious commitments‚ professional development‚ and general interests. Above is Atkinson’s model of a flexible firm. He argued that firms increasingly seek 4 kinds of flexibility functional‚ numerical‚ pay‚ distancing. Functional flexibility is a qualitative approach to work‚ and
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Manufacturing as it is concerned with stability and standardization to bring about improved safety‚ quality‚ delivery performance and cost control. Why a basis for Lean? Lean Manufacturing is a methodology derived from the Toyota Production System (TPS) which originated in post World War II Japan. It came about when Kiichiro Toyoda and Taiichi Ohno amongst others explored means of making a high variety of quality cars at minimal cost‚ given the lack of capital expenditure available at the time. The fundamental
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Toyota Production System (TPS) Toyota Production System The practical expression of Toyota’s people and customer-oriented philosophy is known as the Toyota Production System (TPS). This is not a rigid company-imposed procedure but a set of principles that have been proven in day-to-day practice over many years. Many of these ideas have been adopted and imitated all over the world. TPS has three desired outcomes: * To provide the customer with the highest quality vehicles‚ at lowest possible cost
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A flexible budget is a budget statement that shows what the expected costs should have been for any level of output‚ so that the actual costs can be compared to planned costs for the output that was actually generated. In a flexible budget‚ the costs are separated into variable and fixed costs. The more information that is provided to explain variances in budgeted and actual amounts‚ the easier it is for management to make successful decisions about costs and expenses. A flexible budget classifies
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