and contrast Accrual Earnings Management and Real Earnings Management. Real Earnings Management: a. Real activities manipulation: managers try to mislead at least some of their stakeholders to believe that the financial reporting goals have been met through normal operational practices. However‚ this is not a value added activity‚ sometimes may even reduce firm value because current actions will have negative effect on future cash flow. b. It is probable that real earnings management will have
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Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash This includes money and other negotiable instrument that is payable in money and acceptable by the bank for deposit and immediate credit. Examples are bills and coins‚ checks‚ bank drafts and money orders. To be included or considered as cash‚ it must be unrestricted as to use‚ meaning‚ it must be readily available for use or payment of current obligations‚ thus‚ not subject to contractual or legal restrictions. The following items are included in “cash”:
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Earnings Management and Its Implications Educating the Accounting Profession By Michael D. Akers‚ Don E. Giacomino‚ and Jodi L. Bellovary August 2007 Issue AUGUST 2007 - In the wake of continuing‚ highly publicized E-mail Story financial frauds and failures‚ the accounting profession has placed renewed emphasis on issues related to earnings Print Story management and earnings quality. The SEC and the public are demanding greater assurance about the quality of earnings. Staff Accounting Bulletin
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“Fiscal cliff” is the popular shorthand term used to describe the conundrum that the U.S. government will face at the end of 2012‚ when the terms of the Budget Control Act of 2011 are scheduled to go into effect. Three hours before the midnight deadline on January 1‚ the Senate agreed to a deal to avert the fiscal cliff. The Senate version passed two hours after the deadline‚ and the House of Representatives approved the deal 21 hours later. The government technically went "over the cliff‚" since
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1888 The First National Manual Cash Register In 1883 on January the 30th James Ritty receives a Patent for inventing the cash register. Ritty owned a cafe in Dayton in the 1870s it was a popular cafe but somehow always lost money Ritty then blamed the bartenders and other workers for stealing. What Ritty dealt with was very common in the late 1800s. Ritty later went on a vacation on a ship whist on the ship he observed the workings of an automatic device that recorded the revolutions of the ship’s
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Fiscal Policy Fiscal Policy is a macroeconomic (influencing the whole economy) policy that can influence resource allocation‚ redistribute income and reduce the fluctuations of the business cycle. Government’s policy What is the expected outcome for the 2012-13 Budget? Give a brief explanation. 1.5 billion dollar surplus; from deficit to surplus. They are using contraction Fiscal policy. What is the expected outcome for the 2012-13 Budget? Give a brief explanation. 1.5 billion dollar surplus;
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Topic 4 – Fiscal Policy Refers to the governments choices regarding the overall level of government purchases or taxes Government spending – on health sector‚ education‚ infrastructure‚ defence. Taxation policy – income tax‚ sales tax (VAT)‚ corporate tax‚ capital gains tax. Fiscal policy and aggregate demand Government spending – increase in G spending → AD shifting right e.g. Gov places £10 billion order for new school buildings → building contractor has increased demand for output
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GAP Inc Table of Contents Abstract 4 Introduction: 5 Background of the company: 6 Objectives: 6 Mission and vision statement: 6 Industry analysis: 7 Porter’s Five Forces analysis: 8 Competition: 8 Treat of new entry: 8 Threat of substitutes: 9 Power of suppliers: 9 Power of buyers: 9 Environmental Analysis: 10 Social - Cultural: 10 Economic: 10 Legal/Political: 11 Technology: 11 Industry Structure: 12 Competitors: 12 Economics strategy adopted by Gap inc. to improve it’s
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Fiscal Policy Assignment The traditional Keynesian approach to fiscal policy differs in three ways from that is presented in the Fiscal Policy Chapter in your textbook. 1. It emphasizes the underpinnings of the components of aggregate demand. 2. It assumes that government expenditures are not substitutes for private expenditures and that current taxes are the taxes taken into account by consumers and firms. 3. The traditional Keynesain approach focuses on the short run and so
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<li>Policy that uses taxation and government spending to steer the economy. <br> <br>Fiscal policy describes two governmental actions by the government. The first is taxation. By levying taxes the government receives revenue from the populace. Taxes come in many varieties and serve different specific purposes‚ but the key concept is that taxation is a transfer of assets from the people to the government. The second action is government spending. This may take the form of wages to government employees
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