Demand and Elasticity Linear demand curve: Q = a – bP Elasticity: E d = (ΔQ/ΔP)/(P/Q) = -b(P/Q) E d = -1 in the middle of demand curve (up is more elastic) Total revenue and Elasticity: Elastic: Ed < -1 ↑P→↓R (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 20%) Inelastic: 0 > Ed > -1 ↑P→↑R (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 3%) Unit elastic: Ed = -1 R remains the same (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 15%) MR: positive expansion effect (P(Q) – sell of additional units) + price reduction effect (reduces revenues because of lower price (ΔP/ΔQ)/Q)
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Aggregate Demand AGGREGATE DEMAND (AD‚ for short) = C + I + G + (X-M) • The aggregate demand curve is not focused on a single good or service. The AD curve is focused on overall demand for all final goods & services produced across the entire economy. • Determinants of Aggregate Demand: Although the shape of the AD curve is similar to the shape of a single market demand curve‚ its shape is based on entirely different principles from what we studied in Chapter 3. To elaborate‚
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PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS ECO 201 6 October 2013 Law of Demand Law of demand can be defined as the time table that shows the numerous quantities of a product that consumers are willing and able to buy at different prices during a specified time. The law of demand shows as a price of a product falls the demand rises and as the price raises the demand drops. Other factors such as income‚ substitutes‚ competition can be a factor in price and if income changes this can also affect the amounts
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microenvironment variables (customers‚ competitors‚ distributors‚ suppliers) that affect its ability to retain customers (Kotler‚ P. 2003). In order for it to achieve and enjoy a comparative advantage‚ the organisation executes a careful strategic planning‚ and using marketing strategies to achieve this aim (Dibb et al 2001). Hence‚ the notion of strategic marketing plan. Doyle advanced that a well defined strategy would incorporate the following: Scope of business; Objectives; Strategic business
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Supply and Demand The supply and demand process can be somewhat difficult and knowing the fundamental factors on both sides is essential to business success. Focusing on the Chick-fil-A fast food chain‚ there are factors that are a determinant to supply and demand. A technology change‚ the price of substituting goods‚ population changes and consumer preferences all impact business operations. Technology changes within Chick-fil-A restaurants will allow locations to run efficiently and assist
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Forecasting Models: Associative and Time Series Forecasting involves using past data to generate a number‚ set of numbers‚ or scenario that corresponds to a future occurrence. It is absolutely essential to short-range and long-range planning. Time Series and Associative models are both quantitative forecast techniques are more objective than qualitative techniques such as the Delphi Technique and market research. Time Series Models Based on the assumption that history will repeat itself‚
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Demand Forecasting Problems Simple Regression a) RCB manufacturers black & white television sets for overseas markets. Annual exports in thousands of units are tabulated below for the past 6 years. Given the long term decline in exports‚ forecast the expected number of units to be exported next year. |Year |Exports |Year |Exports | |1 |33 |4 |26
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FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONTROL Part One I. Overview of the Planning Process A long-term financial plan begins with strategy. Typically‚ the senior management team conducts an analysis of the markets in which the firm competes. Managers try to identify ways to protect and increase the firm’s competitive advantage in those markets. For example‚ the first priority of a firm that competes by achieving the lowest production cost in an industry might be to determine whether it should make additional
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LSP 203/05 Behaviour Psychology Semester 2 Tutor Marked Assignment 1 (TMA 1 - 15%) Submission Date: 25‚ August 2012 (1200 hrs) Tutor-marked Assignment 1 Instructions: 1. TMA 1 has TWO parts to the question. You are required to answer both the parts with appropriate answers. Part A should be about 600 - 700 words while Part B should be about 600 - 700 words‚ double-spaced‚ and in Times New Roman‚ Font 12. 2. TMA 1 covers Unit 1 and 2 – “Behaviourism: The Beginnings” and “Functional
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Future Land Use Classification Coding Scheme/Color Scheme MetroGIS Future Land Use Organization Team Last Updated May 23‚ 2000 8000 Color Scheme 10 Regional Alpha Land Use Level 1 Field AG 1000 LBCS 11 LUG Numeric Land Use Level 2 Field LBCS Land Use Level 3 Field (Activity) Regional Numeric Land Use Level 1 Field Land Use Coding Name LUG Alpha Land Use Level 2 Field RES LBCS Land Use Level 3 Field (Activity) Agricultural
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