Formal and informal institutions’ lending policies and access to credit by small-scale enterprises in Kenya: An empirical assessment By Rosemary Atieno University of Nairobi AERC Research Paper 111 African Economic Research Consortium‚ Nairobi November 2001 © 2001‚ African Economic Research Consortium. Published by: The African Economic Research Consortium P.O. Box 62882 Nairobi‚ Kenya Printed by: The Regal Press Kenya‚ Ltd. P.O. Box 46116 Nairobi‚ Kenya ISBN 9966-944-52-4
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1.) Formal and Informal Powers of Congress Under the Constitution‚ Congress is charged with carrying out the legislative functions of government. The framers of the Constitution wanted the lawmaking and national policy role to be in the hands of a representative body. The “formal powers”‚ structure‚ and procedures of the national legislature are outlined in considerable detail in Article I‚ Section 8‚ of the Constitution. These powers are extensive‚ however as a means of “sharing” powers and
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Formal vs Informal Education We all think we know about education as being the one imparted in schools around the country. This system of education‚ devised by the government and based upon a curriculum is called the formal system of education. However‚ in most countries‚ there is also an informal system of education that is totally different from school education and has nothing to do with the strict curriculum and other obligations found in formal education. There have always been long standing
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Formal cultural system is essential to creating an ethical workplace. In the simplest form‚ an ethical workplace can be described as an organization whereby ethical behavior is practices and spread among its entire employees. Upon joining an organization‚ individual employees naturally become part of an organization culture that influences them in how they think and behave ethically. So‚ what is an organization culture? It is defined as the underlying assumption‚ beliefs‚ values‚ attitude and expectation
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Formal and informal communication structures in the organization In order for order there to be effective communication in the organization there have to be good balance of formal and informal communication in the organization. Informal and formal communications are different in many ways but both exist in organizations. They both have their advantages and disadvantages but as we are about to discuss you will see why the organization cannot function without either one of them. Formal communication
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Formal Groups and Informal Groups Formal Group: A formal group is the deliberate and systematic grouping of people in an organization so that organizational goals are better achieved. Now any organization would have a certain formula. They are very essential for the efficient functioning of the organization. What does an organization do? The total no. of people working in an organization is divided into smaller groups (teams or sections or departments) and each group is responsible for fulfilling
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION Theoretical review 1. What is communication? a. Verbal communication b. Non-verbal communication c. Interpersonal communication d. Organizational communication 2. Types of organizational communication:- a. Formal b. Informal 3. Types of formal communication 4. Types of informal communication 5. Advantages and disadvantages of formal communication 6. Advantages
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The type of report depends on its function Formal and Informal Reports .There are clear differences between informal and formal reports. In a business setting‚ informal reports are usually exchanged among a department’s members. Informal reports usually arise based on the needs of the members of the organization or group. On the other hand‚ formal reports‚ will be a report that is exchanged or submitted to higher management or outside the company. Formal reports can be cumbersome and time consuming
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In order for there to be good effective communication in the workplace there have to be a good balance of formal and informal communication in the business. The two have their advantage and disadvantage but I am about to discuss and make you understand why the workplace can’t function without either one of them. What are the most commonly used information channels in your workplace? The channels that can be found in the workplace are - having a face to face meeting - Video conferencing
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Jennifer Hemmingsen Assignment 1.4 The formal justice process includes a series of steps from the initial contact to post release. These formal justice cases receive a full measure of rights and procedures. The formal justice process contains 15 stages‚ each of which is a decision point through which cases flow. The 15 steps are the following. 1) Initial contact 2) Investigation 3) Arrest 4) Custody 5) Charging 6) Preliminary Hearing/Grand Jury 7) Arraignment
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