Formal and informal institutions’ lending policies and access to credit by small-scale enterprises in Kenya: An empirical assessment By Rosemary Atieno University of Nairobi AERC Research Paper 111 African Economic Research Consortium‚ Nairobi November 2001 © 2001‚ African Economic Research Consortium. Published by: The African Economic Research Consortium P.O. Box 62882 Nairobi‚ Kenya Printed by: The Regal Press Kenya‚ Ltd. P.O. Box 46116 Nairobi‚ Kenya ISBN 9966-944-52-4
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In order for there to be good effective communication in the workplace there have to be a good balance of formal and informal communication in the business. The two have their advantage and disadvantage but I am about to discuss and make you understand why the workplace can’t function without either one of them. What are the most commonly used information channels in your workplace? The channels that can be found in the workplace are - having a face to face meeting - Video conferencing
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Formal Groups and Informal Groups Formal Group: A formal group is the deliberate and systematic grouping of people in an organization so that organizational goals are better achieved. Now any organization would have a certain formula. They are very essential for the efficient functioning of the organization. What does an organization do? The total no. of people working in an organization is divided into smaller groups (teams or sections or departments) and each group is responsible for fulfilling
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A formal organization structure shows a recognizable chain of command‚ it also has many levels of management. This makes communication slower and decision making harder to implement. it is an organization which clearly defines the authority ‚responsibility and inter relations of people working therein Examples of formal organization Meetings can be formal - with a defined organizational membership‚ an agenda‚ a regular time‚ written minutes etc There are 3 types of formal organization 1. Coercive
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Formal organization It is a fixed set of rules of infra-organization procedures and structures. As such‚ it is usually set out in writing‚ with a language of rules that ostensibly leave little discretion for interpretation. In some societies and in some organization‚ such rules may be strictly followed; in others‚ they may be little more than an empty formalism. * To facilitate the accomplishment of the goals of the organization: In a formal organization the work is delegated to each individual
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"A business report is an orderly‚ unbiased communication of factual information that serves some business purpose." Reports provide feedback to the manager on various aspects of organization. The information is needed for reviewing and evaluating progress‚ planning for future course of action and taking decisions. Reports can be written in direct and indirect method/approach: The Direct approach saves time and makes the report easier to understand by giving readers the main idea first. This
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Jennifer Hemmingsen Assignment 1.4 The formal justice process includes a series of steps from the initial contact to post release. These formal justice cases receive a full measure of rights and procedures. The formal justice process contains 15 stages‚ each of which is a decision point through which cases flow. The 15 steps are the following. 1) Initial contact 2) Investigation 3) Arrest 4) Custody 5) Charging 6) Preliminary Hearing/Grand Jury 7) Arraignment
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Formal vs Informal Education We all think we know about education as being the one imparted in schools around the country. This system of education‚ devised by the government and based upon a curriculum is called the formal system of education. However‚ in most countries‚ there is also an informal system of education that is totally different from school education and has nothing to do with the strict curriculum and other obligations found in formal education. There have always been long standing
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a) Theoretical under pinning’s of formal communication and informal communication Formal Communication There are different forms of formal communication in business includes functions in department activities taking place between employee and employer in a formal way‚ meeting and conference‚ verbal communication through phone or texting and written communication through memos‚ letters and bulletins‚ are all definition of formal communication. The formal communication is in the form of letters
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The Role of Formal and Informal Groups Within the University of Phoenix Online By: Stephen Ruiz MGT 340 – Organization Theory and Behavior December 2011/January 2012 – Online Mondays Professor Robert Schlagheck‚ MS January 20‚ 2012 Formal and informal groups play a significant role within The University of Phoenix Online (UOP). A formal group would be “one defined by the organizations structure‚ with designated work assignments establishing tasks” (Robbins‚ 2011‚ p.276). A typical
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