Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where a halogen atom or atoms are bound to an sp3 orbital of an alkyl group. CHCl3 (Chloroform: organic solvent) CF2Cl2 (Freon-12: refrigerant CFC) CF3CHClBr (Halothane: anesthetic) Halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon atoms‚ and so the C-Hal bond is polarized. H H μ C + C-l δ δ H The C-X bond is polarized in such a way that there is partial positive charge on the carbon and partial negative charge on the halogen. Dipole moment
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Isolation of Caffeine from Tea (12A) Introduction When a person drinks tea or coffee‚ it is not pure caffeine. It also has other natural substances. The purpose of this lab was to isolate caffeine from tea leaves. The methylene chloride removed nearly pure caffeine from the basic tea solution. Caffeine is a white‚ crystalline‚ bitter alkaloid‚ C8H10N4O2 ‚ usually derived from coffee or tea. Caffeine is used in medicine chiefly as a nervous system stimulant. Caffeine is used by humans to ward off
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substance dissolving in an aqueous solution. It represents the level at which a solute dissolves in solution. A more a substance dissolves‚ the higher the Ksp value it has. In this experiment‚ a system of a sparingly soluble salt in water is studied. From the solubility information at various temperatures‚ the changes in standard enthalpy‚ standard entropy‚ and standard free energy were established. II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND The reaction that is studied in this experiment is the dissolution
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Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants Abstract Mulching in agricultural provides a safe yet equally profitable method of enriching and fertilizing the soil planted with crops. Most often-used mulches are of organic composition‚ such as dry leaves and barks. Unlike synthetic fertilizers and herbicides‚ these organic mulches pose no or little damage to the soil and crops. In this study‚ the effectiveness of dried papaya leaves as organic mulch for tomato was tested. Papaya mulches
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THE FEASIBILITY OF DRIED TOBACCO LEAVES AS A PESTICIDE AGAINST COCKROACHESChapter I Abstract Tobacco plants nowadays are very much needed and demanded by most of our dear consumers especially farmer and now that we are facing an intense economic crisis‚ and with that mere situation‚ the primary necessities which are very much needed by man in order for him to survive his daily living are now of higher prices compared to the last couple of years and that includes the demanding need and use of the
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Debt Policy at UST 1. How well is UST doing? * UST has been doing extremely well. Revenues and earnings are growing at 9% and 11% respectively. * Named by Forbes as one of the top companies in terms of profitability. ROC‚ ROE and GPM one of the industry highest. * Paying back generous dividends of $2.2b and repurchasing $2b from 1988 to 1998. * However‚ they seem to be losing market share in the premium market to competitors and have not been able to make an impact in the
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Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants Abstract Mulching in agricultural provides a safe yet equally profitable method of enriching and fertilizing the soil planted with crops. Most often-used mulches are of organic composition‚ such as dry leaves and barks. Unlike synthetic fertilizers and herbicides‚ these organic mulches pose no or little damage to the soil and crops. In this study‚ the effectiveness of dried papaya leaves as organic mulch for tomato was tested. Papaya mulches
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Isolation of Acetyleugenol (Clove Oil) from Cloves Purpose In this experiment‚ you will obtain the essential oil from cloves by steam distillation. You will then separate a component (acetyleugenol) from the oil by liquid-liquid extraction. Finally‚ you will isolate the acetyleugenol by using a rotovap for reduced pressure distillation‚ which will remove the organic solvent (dichloromethane). Background Whole cloves contain between 14% and 20% by weight of essential oils‚ but
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Caffeine in the diet Email this page to a friend Bookmark & Share Printer-friendly version Caffeine is a substance that is found in certain plants. It can also be man-made (produced synthetically) and then added to food products. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a diuretic (substance that helps rid your body of fluids). Function Caffeine is absorbed and passes quickly into the brain. It does not collect in the bloodstream or get stored in the body. It leaves the body in
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EXTRACTION OF DNA FROM ONIONS ABSTRACT The purpose of the experiment was to experience firsthand the isolation of DNA form a plant tissue without destroying its structure and sequence. A white onion was used for the experiment. After several processes‚ DNA isolate was the visible result. Different chemical tests were performed on the DNA isolate‚ namely: Dische Test‚ Murexide Test‚ Wheeler-Johnson test and Test for Phosphate. Visible results were then noted. INTRODUCTION DNA (deoxyribonucleic
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