other plants surrounding it. Since my dogs urine had such effects on the plant‚ I wondered if my own would provide the same results. But instead of acting like a dog and soiling my own yard‚ I will explore the pros and cons of using human urine as a fertilizer. The first step in finding whether human urine can be used‚ as a fertilizer is understanding how we produce urine itself. In humans‚ soluble wastes are excreted primarily by the urinary system as urine. The urinary system consists of the kidneys
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Urine production If body fluids are hypo osmolar‚ then kidney will produces hypo osmolar urine. (Dilute urine) If body fluids are hyper osmolar (dehydration) then kidney produces hyperosmolar urine. (concentrated urine) In the renal cortex the osmolarity of interstitial fluid is 300mOs/L going to 1200mOs/L in the papilla. From the cortex to the papilla there is an increasing hyper osmolarity of the interstitial fluid. Cortico papillary osmolarity gradient. Urine with osmolarity more than 300mOs/l
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results. As for the ketones‚ the patient could have Diabetes Mellitus‚ they could be suffering from starvation or they could be on a low carbohydrate or very high-fat diet. A mild amount of protein in the urine could be due to physical exertion‚ pregnancy or a high-protein diet. Blood in the urine could be due to the patient being on the menstrual cycle‚ hemolysis‚ a UTI‚ tumors/polyps in the urinary tract‚ kidney stones or another form of urinary tract trauma. 2. Unknown B? Unknown B has a high
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URINE WHAT IS URINE is a liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination(or micturition) and excreted through the urethra. Kidney’s waste from protein metabolism urination - the primary method for excreting water-soluble chemicals from the body. Dark yellow urine is often indicative of dehydration. Yellowing/light orange may be caused by removal of excess B vitamins from the bloodstream. Certain medications such as rifampin and phenazopyridine can
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A Summary of Alkaptonuria Alkaptonuria is an inborn error of metabolism that presents most notably with the occurrence of black urine when the urine is exposed to air. For this reason‚ it is also called the “Black Urine” disease. It is an autosomal recessive disorder and is therefore inherited genetically. Alkaptonuria is very rare‚ with a presentation of about 1:250‚000(ref1). The causality behind Alkaptonuria is a deficiency in homogentisic acid 1‚2 dioxygenase‚ an enzyme that is found in the
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Urine Testing for Drugs of Abuse U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service • Alcohol‚ Drug Abuse‚ and Mental Health Administration Urine Testing for Drugs of Abuse Editors: Richard L. Hawks‚ Ph.D. C. Nora Chiang‚ Ph.D. Division of Preclinical Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA Research Monograph 73 1986 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol‚ Drug Abuse‚ and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug
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Toxicants Ch 5 – Absorption‚ Distribution‚ and Excretion of Toxicants Ch 7 - Toxicokinetics Chapter 5 Absorptions‚ Distribution‚ and Excretion of Toxicants © The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc‚ 2011 Factors Affecting Disposition • If fraction absorbed or rate absorbed is low‚ may never reach high enough concentration to cause toxicity • Concentrated in a tissue other than the target organ‚ thus decreasing toxicity • Biotransformation may result in formation of less toxic or more toxic metabolites • Rapid
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separate lockable ward storage equipment‚ these include; controlled drug cabinet‚ internal medicines cupboard ‚external medicines cupboard‚ refrigerator for medicines‚ freezers for medicines‚ medicine trolleys and they should be lockable and immobilized when not in use. Patients must own medicine lockers at their bedsides if possible. Drug cupboards to be used for internal and external medicines must comply with current standards thus‚ cupboards for diagnostic reagents including urine testing. There must
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Urine drug screening Factors affecting a valid specimen Urine creatinine concentration is assayed to detect diluted specimens. This can be caused by surreptitious addition of tap water or excessive fluid intake before the collection. A urine creatinine level < 1.76 mmol/L indicates a dilute specimen. A repeat specimen should be considered. The temperature of the specimen indicates if it is freshly passed. If the specimen is fresh‚ the temperature should fall in the range of 33–38°C. If
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BIOS256 Week 4 Lab: #10 Influence of Fluid Intake on Urine Formation Laboratory Report Activity 10: Influence of Fluid Intake on Urine Formation PREDICTIONS 1. Urine output will be highest during: water loading 2. Urine osmolality will be lowest during: dehydration 3. Plasma osmolality: increases with dehydration METHODS AND MATERIALS 1. Dependent variable: urine and plasma values 2. Independent variable: fluid intake 3. Controlled variables: age‚ gender‚ and weight;
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