AP Biology Study Guide Chapter 11 1. Categorize chemical signals in terms of the proximity of the communicating cells. Local signaling – a. Paracrine signaling – a secreting cell acts on nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a local regulator (a growth factor‚ for example) into the extracellular fluid. b. Synaptic signaling – a nerve cell releases neurotransmitter molecules into a synapse‚ stimulating the target cell. Long distance signaling- c. Hormonal signaling – specialized
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EINSTEIN’S TIMELINE Why was Albert Einstein famous? Albert Einstein was famous as an author and brilliant Physicist in pioneering work with his special theory of relativity and specifically mass–energy equivalence: E = mc2 | | | | | Short Biography of Albert Einstein Date of Birth: Born on March 14‚ 1879 Place of Birth : Ulm‚ Württemberg‚ Germany Parents: Father - Hermann Einstein Mother: Pauline Einstein (née Koch) Background Facts‚ Information & Ancestry : Ashkenazi Jewish
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Biology Revision Notes Biochemical Tests: Proteins - add biurettes reagent to the sample. If protein is present‚ clear colour change from blue to purple. Reducing Sugars – add Benedict’s reagent to the sample. Heat in Bunsen or water bath. If reducing sugars are present‚ clear colour changes from blue -> orange red precipitate. Lipids – dissolve sample in ethanol. Slowly pour the solution into the water slowly. If lipids are present a white emulation forms on the surface. Starch – add iodine
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LITERATURE TIMELINE Date | Literary Period | Authors/Works | 800-400 BC | This period was dominated by Homer and other Greek tragedians | The Iliad and The Odyssey by HomerOedipus the King by SophoclesMedea by Euripedes | 250 BC - AD 150 | Writers of the Roman Empire are most noted in this time period | Famous authors from this period: Virgil‚ Horace‚ and Ovid | 450-1066 | Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Period | Beowulf The rise of haiku poetry Tale of Genji by Japanese writer Murasaki
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Timeline of materials technology BC • 29‚000–25‚000 BC – First pottery appears • 3rd millennium BC – Copper metallurgy is invented and copper is used for ornamentation • 2nd millennium BC – Bronze is used for weapons and armour • 16th century BC – The Hittites develop crude iron metallurgy • 13th century BC – Invention of steel when iron and charcoal are combined properly • 10th century BC – Glass production begins in ancient Near East • 1st millennium BC – Pewter beginning to be used in
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Humanities Time Line The following is a selective listing of some major figures and works of the Humanities (right column) and their relation to important events in History (Center Column) c = approximately First Column: Century Second Column: Events in History Third Column: Humanities Giants (write your entries here) Before the Common Era (BCE) = Before Christ (BC) c. BC 15‚000 - 10‚000 Old Stone Age Cave art at Lascaux and Altamira c. BC 7000 Native Americans may have migrated from northern
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1856: Mathew Brady created what’s known as the first modern advertisement which was placed an ad in the New York Herald paper offering to produce "photographs‚ ambrotypes and daguerreotypes." 1880: George Eastman‚ age 24‚ sets up Eastman Dry Plate Company in Rochester‚ New York. First half-tone photograph appears in a daily newspaper‚ the New York Graphic. 1888: First Kodak camera‚ containing a 20-foot roll of paper‚ enough for 100 2.5-inch diameter circular pictures. 1889: Improved Kodak camera
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1866 Mendel’s paper is published: units of inheritance in pairs; dominance and recessiveness; equal segregation; independent assortment. These ideas are not recognized for 34 years. 1869 DNA (first called "nuclein") is identified by Friedrich Miescher as an acidic substance found in cell nuclei. The significance of DNA is not appreciated for over 70 years. 1900 Mendel’s experiments from 1866 are "rediscovered" and confirmed by three separate researchers (one Dutch‚ one German‚ one Austrian). A
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increasingly complex models at all levels of biology. This paper shows the innovations in studying biology. It discusses the biological level of organization and it also describes the model that has seem to be found on the said level. It was also discussed on this paper that the complex models that was developed for the past few years must have the new methods and techniques to model it. The journal tackles the level of organization‚ multi-scale in modelling in biology‚ MD of ion channels and heart modelling
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Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms‚ including their structure‚ function‚ growth‚ evolution‚ distribution‚ and taxonomy.[1] Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field‚ composed of many branches and subdisciplines. However‚ despite the broad scope of biology‚ there are certain general and unifying concepts within it which govern all study and research‚ consolidating it into single‚ coherent field. Biology generally recognizes the cell as the basic unit
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