Asset Pricing Lecture 1 Prof. Antje Berndt Fall 2013 1 / 27 Overview Today • Course overview • Introduction to Derivatives Securities Buzzwords: Derivatives; Forwards; Futures; Options; Traders; Hedge funds Readings: Chapter 1 in Hull Practice problems: 1.1-1.10 Next time • Futures‚ Hedging using futures 2 / 27 Course Overview • The syllabus‚ posted on the class website‚ describes the policies and the procedures for this course. Please read it carefully. Course requirements
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Contents 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………2 2. Main Body…………………………………………………………………… .2-9 3.1 Transaction exposure………………………………………………………2-3 3.2 Three Hedges………………………………………………………………3-9 3.3.1 Forwards……………………………………………………………4-6 3.3.2 Futures……………………………………………………………..6-8 3.3.3 Currency option……………………………………………………8-9 3. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………...………….11-13 Introduction In the period of crisis the volatility of foreign exchange
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Suppose that the current Bid-Offer on the Euro is $1.21/E and $1.23/E‚ and the three-month forward is $1.185/E. 1. If you wish to hedge 100‚000 Euro Revenue due in three months‚ what position would you take? Explain why. a. Buy Euro forward at $1.23/E b. Buy dollars forward at $1.23/E c. Sell Euro forward at $1.185/E d. Sell dollars forward at $1.21/E e. Buy Euro forward at $1.185/E 2. If the Bid-Offer at maturity is $1.17/E and $1.19/E (assume the bank is following the same quote convention)
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into a 6-month forward contract on a non-dividend-paying stock when the stock price is $30 and the risk-free interest rate (with continuous compounding) is 12% per annum. What is the forward price? Solution: = = 31.86 5.9. A 1-year long forward contract on a non-dividend-paying stock is entered into when the stock price is $40 and the risk-free rate of interest is 10% per annum with continuous compounding. (a) What are the forward price and the initial value of the forward contract? (b) Six months
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sacrificed only the premium cost for buying the options. Also‚ that strategy fits better to Madesco because the time horizon of the hedge is less than 18th months. Finally‚ since the company is a midsize one with cash shortages a potential exposure on forward losses could be catastrophic for the existence of the
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1. Framework A. Identification of the risk Financial Risk There are three kinds of financial risk: market risk‚ liquidity risk and credit risk. Market Risk Price Risk The risk of a decline in the value of a security or a portfolio. Interest Rate Risk The risk that the value of an investment will change due to a change in the absolute level of interest rates. Example Dexia had a great interest rate risk. They had a lot of mortgage loans (long term). They financed the long term liabilities
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exchange rate is obvious in such a long period and it’s common to enter into foreign exchange forward contracts. However‚ CITIC Pacific has chosen Accumulator contract with Australian dollar as target. That is to say‚ CITIC Pacific has the right to purchase Australian dollar with a discount when it’s appreciating but there is an upper limit; if Australian dollar depreciates in the period stipulated in the contract‚ CITIC Pacific has to buy it in double amount at the negotiated price and there is no lower
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protection against different types of risk that derive from its activity. In order to reduce risk‚ the company is using two hedging derivatives: forward contracts and put options to sell dollars. The aim of the paper is to determine an appropriate hedging policy which answers two main questions: how much to hedge‚ and in what proportions of forwards versus options. First‚ a description of the exposure of the company‚ particularly the three main risk factors: bottom-line risk‚ volume risk and competitive
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Option contracts on the other hand give AIFS much more flexibility. If they future spot rate is lower than the option strike price‚ AIFS can cancel their option and buy Euros at the lower rate. AIFS must still pay the option premium though‚ currently 5% of the USD amount hedged. Unfortunately for AIFS their profit margin is only around 5%‚ so hedging completely with options could wipe out any profit. We chose the 75%/25% forward/option mix because it provides us with the lowest cost assuming
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will use the forward market (Shapiro‚ 2010). The transactions in the forward market are of a longer duration than the spot market (Shapiro‚ 2010). The hedger will look to hedge their risk of currency depreciation by locking in a fixed exchange rate to be paid at a future date. The forward contract is calculated based on the forward rate and the swap rate. The forward rate is the interbank exchange rate and the swap rate is the market exchange rate (Shapiro‚ 2010). The forward contract would essentially
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