people who are able to live in excess should work towards reducing poverty among others‚ not enhance their own comfortable conditions. According to Singer’s Utilitarianism‚ the proper course of action is one that maximizes utility. This is defined specifically as maximizing happiness and reducing suffering. According to extreme utilitarianism‚ the moral worth of an action is determined only by its resulting outcome‚ thereby focusing primarily on the consequences of the action. However‚ can that
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method of justifying his acts of deception is a form of moral reasoning that is called "utilitarianism." Stripped down to its essentials‚ utilitarianism is a moral principle that holds that the morally right course of action in any situation is the one that produces the greatest balance of benefits over harms for everyone affected. So long as a course of action produces maximum benefits for everyone‚ utilitarianism does not care whether the benefits are produced by lies‚ manipulation‚
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happy‚ and what the right thing is‚ in the eyes of other people. Many people would say that we are selfish if we chose something that made us happy‚ over something that satisfies and makes our families who are more people happy. The principle of utilitarianism‚ which demands individuals to base their actions on what will make most people happy‚ is praised and seen as a good thing in society even if it means that those individuals are themselves not happy. Contrary to what society thinks is the right
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and Y negative consequences. Therefore‚ it would be morally correct to choose A or B based on the highest number of positive consequences or the lowest number of negative consequences. In the words of Michael Sandel in his book Justice‚ “Its (utilitarianism) main idea is simply stated and intuitively appealing: The highest principle of morality is to maximize happiness‚ the overall balance of pleasure over pain.” The idea
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NORMATIVE ETHICAL THEORIES Objective • Discuss the normative ethical theories L2: Normative Ethical Theories Beliefs about how people should behave can be classified into at least 2 major categories: Teleological theories (Consequentialism) Right actions are those that produce the most or optimize the consequences of one’s choices. Behaviour is ‘ethical’ if it results in desirable behaviour 1. 2. 3. 4. Ethical egoism Ethical elitism Ethical parochialism Ethical universalism Deontological theories
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Bibliography: Bayles‚ Michael‚ ed. Contemporary Utilitarianism. Garden City: Anchor‚ 1968 Hoffman‚ Michael W‚ Robert E. Fredrick‚ and Mark S. Schwartz. Business Ethics Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality. 4th Canadian ed. New York: McGraw-Hill‚ 2001 Lamont‚ Julian. "Distributive Justice." The Stanford
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Intro to Ethics Outline over “Utilitarianism and Vegetarianism” I. Tom Regan argues Peter Singer’s utilitarianism obligation to be vegetarian. A. Singer touches on methodology in ethics first to help explain point of view to Regan’s argument. B. Singer then turns to the substantive issue of “what are the implications of utilitarianism for our treatment of animals?” II. In regards to methodology‚ Singer claims Regan recommends abandoning utilitarianism in favor of a rights-based theory
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Ethical Theories Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is most often associated with Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). According to utilitarianism principle‚ a decision is ethical if it provides the greater utility than any other alternative decision. Thus the decision maker must evaluate each decision alternative‚ and then select the one that yields the greatest net utility (Fritzsche‚ 1997). There two types of utilitarianism‚ act and rule. Individual decisions are evaluated
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Immanuel Kant has presented one viewpoint in The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals that is founded on his belief that the worth of man is inherent in his ability to reason. John Stuart Mill holds another opinion as presented in the book‚ Utilitarianism that is seemingly in contention with the thoughts of Kant. What is most distinctive about the ethics of morality is the idea of responsibilities to particular individuals. According to Kant and Mill‚ moral obligations are not fundamentally particularistic
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Introduction Justice is the importance of an individual or society having rights‚ equality and fairness. Fracking in the Karoo has damaged the environment and contaminated the water sources which have led to the violation of people rights (du Toit‚ 2011). In order to come to a moral decision whether fracking in the Karoo is or is not desirable I studied Mill’s utilitarian theory of justice which helped me understand that actions must be made to maximize the overall happiness of the individuals
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