chloride with their respective hydrocarbon (10 drops) as well as the addition of a small amount of bromine. One group of tubes was set in the light and one was set in the dark and when compared‚ you were already able to see that the ethylbenzene and toluene were the fastest to react in both situations. Due to this fact we can tell since they were the fastest reacting‚ they can be associated with the fact that they were more than likely secondary and primary benzylic carbons due to their excellent stability
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2009) Abstract : 2-Acetylcyclohexanone was synthesized by acylation reaction of acidic anhydride using enamine as organiocatalyst instead of a strong base‚ NaOH‚ resulting in milder reaction conditions. The reaction was conducted in toluene and direct distillation of the reaction mixture before hydrolysis was leaded to a high yield of the pyrrolidine enamine. This condition was leaded good yields (73.6%) without side reactions. Acylation gave an enol form (71.7%) and a keto form (28.3%) of 2-acetylcyclohexanone
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HOLIDAYS HOMEWORK Chemistry PRESENTED TO: MISS SAIMA BY: Fatima JEHANGIR GRADE: 9(O) METOHDS OF PURIFICATION & ANYLYSIS Filtration Filtration is a mechanical or physical process to separate solid particulates from fluids Filtration is a technique used to separate a solid from a liquid. The solid is separated from the liquid phase by passing the mixture over a filtering media. Filtering media is characterized by being chemically inert to the mixture
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Ammonia and Its Salts 1. Ammonia‚ NH3 is a very important compound in industry. 2. The main uses of ammonia: a) To manufacture nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate‚ ammonium nitrate and urea b) The liquid form is used as a cooling agent (refrigerant) in refrigerators c) As a raw material for the manufacture of nitric acid in the Ostwald process d) To be converted into nitric acid used for making explosives e) As an alkali to prevent the coagulation of latex
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are also used in our daily lives. Separation techniques are methods used to separate and/or purify mixtures. There are many kinds of separation techniques that are used in our day to day life‚ such as filtration‚ Centrifuging‚ Decanting‚ fractional distillation and sieving. Each of these methods has their own specific uses in our daily lives which make our chores much easier to carry out. Filtration is one of the most commonly used separation technique in a household. This method uses a funnel
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CHEM 2013) Examples of industrial chemical processes include distillation‚ smelting‚ disinfection‚ and Pyro processing. Even today‚ scientists in our industry continue to find‚ develop‚ and create new products with the experimentation of the chemical processes. Without these chemical processes‚ we would probably not be able to live the way we do today. Today‚ distillation is one of the most widely used methods worldwide. Distillation is the separation of mixtures and the removal of all the impurities
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filtration and fractional distillation were performed to get a more concentrated solution. The density of ethanol was .825 g/mL with a percent composition of 85% pure ethanol. Introduction Fermentation is a metabolic process in which an organism converts a carbohydrate such as starch or sugar‚ into an alcohol or an acid. One particular alcohol‚ ethanol is the least toxic of the alcohols and as such‚ has
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Dehydration of Alcohols Abstract The dehydration of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene can be done through fractional distillation. Once the fraction has been collected it must then be dried. The dried distillate is finally tested to determine whether or not it has been dehydrated. The three tests used were infrared spectroscopy‚ Bromine chemical test and Bayer’s chemical test. The infrared spectroscopy showed a large narrow peak at 3062.12(cm-1) and 3020.71(cm-1) which indicates that there is a double
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BIOFERTILIZER: The pathophysiology of the Tuberculin reaction is explained thus: M. Tuberculi are engulfed by macrophages after being identified as foreign‚ but due to a self- preserving mechanism peculiar to TB it is able to block the fusion of the phagosome within which it is existing with the lysosome which would destroy it. So it can continue existing and replicating within the immune cell designed to destroy it. After several weeks‚ the immune system somehow [ mechanism as yet unexplained]
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with the use of their background and recently-taught knowledge of the process of distillation‚ which is the technique that is to be applied for the experiment .Knowing ethanol’s‚ which is the chemical present in all alcoholic drinks‚ boiling point as 78%‚ the students are to collect the distilled and separated ethanol into a test tube with a marker indicating that it contains 1.0 mL of the sample from the distillation set-up. The collected distillate is then subjected to a flammability test in order
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