Analysis of Hydrocarbons Jessa Grace B. Castillo* and Stephanie Chua Department of Chemistry‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines ______________________________________________ Hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbons and further divided in major types. Hydrocarbons react differently in reagents. The basis of determining an unknown hydrocarbon is due to the differences in reactions of hydrocarbons. An unknown compound is determined using tests.
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17‚ 2012 Abstract The distillation process was successfully done because of the separation of water from the acetone. When the distillate was lighted with the matchstick it produced flame which indicates that there was more presence of acetone than water. When the sodium nitroprusside‚ sodium hydroxide and glacial acetic acid was added to the distillate‚ it turned to violet. This means that there is the presence of ketone. Introduction Distillation is the process heating a liquid
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other to react twice with a Grignard followed by removal of the protecting group by acid hydrolysis to give final product (C2). Method: Ethyl acetoacetate (30.03g)‚ ethylene glycol (15.01g) and toluene-p-sulphonic acid (0.13g) were added to a 250 cm3 round bottomed flask‚ containing a stirrer bar and toluene (100 cm3)‚ fitted with a condenser and dean-stark head. Solution was heated strongly under reflux using a heater stirrer block for approximately one hour. During heating 4.5 cm3 of water was collected
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Production of materials 1B – identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from the refining of petroleum Industrial source of ethylene (ethene) * Obtained from Crude oil – fractional distillation * Heated to high temps * Components vaporise and rise up tower where condense and collect * Lower the boiling point‚ higher up tower compound rises * Separates crude oil into fraction each with different boiling range - Catalytic Cracking
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Rgt/Pdt | Structure | Physical Properties | Hazards | acetone | | Physical State: LiquidAppearance: colorlessBoiling Point: 56.20CMelting Point: -95.30CDensity: 0.79 g/cm3 | Causes eye and skin irritation. May cause central nervous system depression. May cause liver and kidney damage. Causes respiratory tract irritation. Extremely flammable. | aniline | | Physical State: LiquidAppearance: oily - colorlessBoiling Point: 1840CMelting Point: -60CDensity: 1.0216 g/cm3 | Combustible. Hazardous in
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THE CHEMICAL EARTH: 1. The living and nonliving components of the Earth contain mixtures ● Construct word and balanced formulae equations of chemical reactions as they are encountered Reactants → products Chemical reaction: the way atoms are joined changes‚ atoms are not created nor destroyed‚ but are rearranged Indicators: emission of light or heat‚ odour formation of a gas formation of a precipitate colour change change in state aqueous = dissolved in water‚ an aqueous solution
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Renewable Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 1 COURSE CONTENT What is Petroleum Engineering? What Does Petroleum Mean? Generation of Petroleum Chemical Composition of Petroleum Petroleum Products Fractional Distillation The First Oil Well History of Oil in Malaysia Production Sharing Contract MOHD FAUZI HAMID 1 What is Petroleum Engineering? an engineering discipline concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons
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liquids. Reactivity The are relatively unreactive. Due to strong carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. They do not react with acids‚ bases‚ oxidizing and reducing agents. They do burn and react with halogens under certain conditions. Fractional distillation of crude oil This is a Physical Process that includes the splitting of Van der Waals forces Petroleum is a mixture mainly of alkane hydrocarbons The process The crude oil is pre-heated in a furnace the mixture of liquid and vapor passes
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solute - Boiling is a much quicker process than evaporation and therefore is more commonly used - The technique is based on the large differences in boiling points of the solute and solvent - THIS TECHNIQUE DOES NOT RECOVER THE LIQUID Distillation or simple distillation - This is a technique of separating two or more liquids or separating the liquid from the solids in a solution but also retrieving the liquid component - This technique relies on a difference of at least 50ºC in boiling point between
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Chapter 15: • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. – Ex: Your textbook‚ you‚ your pen/pencil‚ air‚ etc. • Classification systems are used all the time to organize objects. – Ex: The Periodic Table of Elements‚ organizing your locker‚ your clothes‚ etc. • In order to make the study of matter easier to understand‚ scientists have developed ways to classify matter. • The properties of materials can be used to classify them into general categories. – Ex: Pure substances‚ elements
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