NEON Sir William Ramsay‚ a Scottish chemist‚ and Morris M. Travers‚ an English chemist‚ discovered neon. Another important person is Georges Claude‚ a French chemist‚ who invented neon lighting around (1870-1960). Claude showed his first neon sign at the Paris Exposition of 1910. And then sold the first neon advertising sign to a Paris barber two years later. Around the 1920s‚ neon lighting had become popular in many parts of the world. In 1922‚ the Haaxman brothers brought the first neon signs
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recycling of plastics. Thus two universal problems such as problems of waste plastic and problems of fuel shortage are being tackled simultaneously. The waste plastics are subjected to depolymerisation‚ pyrolysis‚ catalytic cracking and fractional distillation to obtain different value added fuels such as petrol‚ kerosene‚ and diesel‚ lube oil‚ furnace oil traction and coke. The catalyst used here is a mixture of zeolite‚ clay‚ alumina and silicates in different proportions. Converting waste plastics
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C hapter 2 IS MATTER AROUND US PURE How do we judge whether milk‚ ghee‚ butter‚ salt‚ spices‚ mineral water or juice that we buy from the market are pure? physical process of evaporation. However‚ sodium chloride is itself a substance and cannot be separated by physical process into its chemical constituents. Similarly‚ sugar is a substance because it contains only one kind of pure matter and its composition is the same throughout. Soft drink and soil are not single substances. Whatever the source
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GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU STANDARD NINE TERM I VOLUME 3 SCIENCE SOCIAL SCIENCE NOT FOR SALE Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime A Publication Under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamilnadu Department of School Education © Government of Tamilnadu First Edition - 2013 (Published under Uniform System of School Education Scheme in Trimester Pattern) Textbook Prepared and Compiled by State Council of Educational Research and Training College Road‚ Chennai - 600
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1. What is in Gasoline? Gasoline is produced from a dark substance extracted from miles beneath the surface‚ called crude oil or petroleum. Millions of years ago‚ crude oil was created from fossil fuels of dead animals and plants that sank into the ocean’s bottom underneath rocks‚ dirt‚ and dust. Over time‚ the seclusion of corpses caused heat and pressure to increase instigating the bodies to decompose; and due to lack of oxygen‚ the remains formed mixture of chemical organic compounds made of hydrogen
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w w w e tr .X m eP UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Ordinary Level e ap .c rs om MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 5070 CHEMISTRY 5070/21 Paper 2 (Theory)‚ maximum raw mark 75 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates‚ to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that
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• The equilibrium law DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM forward A +8 reaction ""r=====~’~ reverse reaction Most chemical reactions do not go to completion. Once some products are formed the reverse reaction can take place to reform the reactants. In a closed system the concentrations of all the reactants and products will eventually become constant. Such a system is said to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The forward and reverse reactions continue to occur‚ but at equilibrium
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of rates of reaction. 1.2 Methods of purification and analysis Candidates should be able to: (a) describe methods of purification by the use of a suitable solvent‚ filtration and crystallization‚ distillation and fractional distillation‚ with particular references to the fractional distillation of crude oil‚ liquid air and fermented liquor; (b) suggest suitable methods of purification‚
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Executive Summary. Aerosol hairspray cans are a cosmetic product used by 86% of women in the United States.(3) The consumer demand for hair products has stayed relatively steady since the invention of hairspray. Industrial suppliers can increase their net profit of aerosol hairspray production by analyzing and possibly optimizing their manufacturing process‚ mores specifically‚ the production of the most widely used aerosol propellant‚ dimethyl ether (DME). The optimization of a thermally coupled
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Arenes The aromatic hydrocarbons also have the name arenes. They contain in their molecule one or more cycles made up from 6 carbon atoms. When the molecule is formed out of a single cycle‚ the hydrocarbons are mono nucleuses; when the molecule contains more than one cycle‚ the hydrocarbons are poly nucleuses. The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon‚ benzene‚ is compound out of just one such cycle; its formula is C6H6. The representation of benzene through a cycle of 6 carbon atoms with 3 double bounds
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