Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page. IB11 06_0620_31/4RP © UCLES 2011 [Turn over 2 1 The following techniques are used to separate mixtures. A simple distillation D chromatography B fractional distillation E filtration C evaporation F diffusion For Examiner’s Use From this list‚ choose the most suitable technique to separate the following. (a) methane from a mixture of the gases‚ methane and ethane .................. (b) water
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Comparing alkanes and alkenes Aim: Is cyclohexane more or less reactive than cyclohexene in the presence or absence of light Hypothesis The cyclohexene will reactive the fastest because being an "ene" it has a electron rich area making it more reactive than cyclohexane but neither one of the will react without light Materials * 4x 250ml conical flasks * 2 rubber stoppers * Aluminium foil * Cyclohexane * Cyclohexene * Bromide water * Measuring cylinder
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Chem 3418 Organic Chemistry Laboratory I Acid Base Review Definition In general‚ an acid is a substance that can donate a proton (H+) and a base is a substance that can accept a proton. Any proton in an organic molecule can potentially be donated. The most acidic proton in a molecule would be donated first. Any lone pair in an organic molecule can act as the proton acceptor. An acid (HA) reacts with a base (in this case H2O) to form the conjugate base of the acid (A-) and the conjugate acid of the
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Aim : To prepare an ester using reflux Hypothesis : The equation was written out for the reaction and pentyl ethanoate was predicted as being the ester that would be formed. Equipment * 10 ml pentanol | * condenser | * 10 ml glacial acetic acid | * Heating Mantel | * 1 ml conc. Sulfuric acid | * Funnel | * 50 ml flask | * 15ml 1molL-1 Na2CO3 | * Boiling chips | * Seperating Funnel | * Retort Stand | * Safety Glasses | Method 1. 10 ml of Pentanol
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Experiment 3: Cryoscopic Determination of Molecular Weight Aim: The primary objective of the experiment is to calculate the total molecular mass of the compound benzoic acid in a predetermined amount of cyclohexane. Introduction: One of the key concepts in this experiment is the term freezing point depression. The definition of this phrase is that when a solute is dissolved into a solvent‚ their collective boiling point will be less than that of the original boiling point of the solvent. This incidentally
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WHAT IS PHARMACOGNOSY? Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs of natural origin. The term comes from two Greek words: "pharmakon" meaning drug or medicine‚ and "gnosis" meaning knowledge. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical‚ chemical‚ biochemical and biological properties of drugs‚ drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources". Plant preparations are said
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Tris(acetylacetonato)manganese Dissolve 0.26 g manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate and 0.68 g of sodium acetate in 10 mL of distilled water. Add 1 g acetylacetone and swirl the mixture. With magnetic stirring‚ add dropwise a solution of 0.052 g potassium permanganate in 2.5 mL of distilled water over a period of 10-15 minutes. Stir for 10 minutes‚ then add dropwise a solution of 0.63 g sodium acetate in 2.5 mL distilled water. Heat the resulting mixture on a hot plate to between 60 and 70oC for
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were determined. Recognising the fact that the industrial route to cyclohexene from benzene hydrogenation yields a mixture of cyclohexene and cyclohexane which are di$cult to separate‚ some experiments on oxidation of the mixture of cyclohexene and cyclohexane were also conducted. The values of rate constants remain unchanged in the presence of cyclohexane. The reaction was also studied in an aluminium lined reactor to examine the wall catalytic e!ect‚ if any‚ of the stainless steel wall. The reaction
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compare the reactivity of an alkane and an alkene Hypothesis: The cyclohexene would react to the bromine water and turn colourless‚ whilst the cyclohexane won’t react. Risk Assessment: What’s the problem? | How do you fix? | How does it work? | Bromine water is corrosive to the skin | Wear gloves | Stops the Bromine water from reaching skin | Cyclohexane/ene is highly flammable | Keep away from naked flames. | No naked flame = no ignition. | Bromine water is very toxic if inhaled | Conduct
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measure the concentration of the solute because it is temperature independent: Whereby‚ sssssss = freezing temperature of pure Cyclohexane. f freezing temperature of the napthalene-cyclohexane solution. D * Note the possible
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