Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction Ionic liquids (ILs) can be viewed as a new and remarkable class of solvent. They are also a type of materials that have a long and useful history‚ where the earliest material that meets the current definition of IL was observed in the mid-19th century when a separate liquid phase called the “red oil” was observed in Friedel-Crafts reaction [17]. Over the following years‚ there has been a rapid growing of interest in ILs due to the realization
Premium Solvent Water
..................................................................1 Physical attributes of crude ......................................................................................................3 Derivatives of crude (Refinery products- Distillation process)...........................................4 Petrochemical chain & Industrial applications......................................................................5 Brief write up on individual commodities ..............................
Premium Petroleum
Jessica Robins Lab 3: Properties of Organic Compounds Introduction Distillation is a physical process used to separate chemicals from a mixture by how easy they vaporize. The temperature rises unit it reaches the temperature of the lowest boiling substance in the mixture while the other contents of the mixture remain in their original phase (until the most volatile substance has all boiled off) as it’s heated. Hot vapor results and passes into a condenser and is then converted to a liquid
Premium Distillation
SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS Essential oils are the volatile oils distilled from aromatic plant materials. The odour and flavour of these oils is usually dependent upon these oxygenated compounds. Many oils are terpenoids‚ a few oils are benzene derivatives. Table 1 shows the important constituents of the more common essential oils. Name Part of plant used Leaf Botanical name Important constituents Uses Lemongrass and citronella Eucalyptus Cymbopogon spp Citral
Premium Distillation Essential oil Water
Reservoir Rock Properties Analysis‚ Mohsen Masihi Sharif University of Technology Reservoir Rock Properties Analysis 2010 Laboratory Work Book No. 26504 Mohsen Masihi Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology‚ Tehran‚ Iran masihi@sharif.edu Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering‚ Sharif University of Technology‚ Tehran‚ IRAN 1 Reservoir Rock Properties Analysis‚ Mohsen Masihi Table of contents Course overview ......
Premium Water Petroleum
Aim: Learn how the process of distillation occurs. Observe how distillation separates alcohol from wine. Method: Distillation is based on the fact that the matter can exist in three phases - - solid‚ liquid and gas. As the temperature of a pure substance is increased‚ it passes through these phases‚ making a transition at a specific temperature from solid to liquid (melting point--mp) and then at a higher temperature from liquid to gas (boiling point--bp). Distillation involves evaporating a liquid
Premium Distillation Water Evaporation
concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The product was washed using sodium bicarbonate and water‚ then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. It was then distilled using a standard simple distillation apparatus. The percent yield of isopentyl acetate was 60.39%. This may have been low due to incomplete distillation or evaporation once entering the receiving flask. The product had a distinct “banana oil” smell‚ making the reaction successful. Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to
Premium Acetic acid Oxygen Ester
of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing‚ simple distillation‚ separation‚ and drying. To begin‚ in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved in water and sulfuric acid will be added. The addition of sulfuric acid will then generate hydrobromic acid‚ an important product in the reaction mixture
Premium Distillation
a liquid (mobile phase) at high pressure. HPLC is historically divided into two different sub-classes based on the polarity of the mobile and stationary phases. Technique in which the stationary phase is more polar than the mobile phase (e.g. toluene as the mobile phase‚ silica as the stationary phase) is called normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) and the opposite (e.g. water-methanol mixture as the mobile phase and C18 = octadecylsilyl as
Premium Chromatography High performance liquid chromatography
! Isolation of the Components of BC Powder Introduction Aspirin‚ Caffeine and Salicylamide were extracted from an over-the-counter pain reliever (BC Powder). These components were separated by manipulating their solubilities by adjusting the acidity and basicity of the solution. By doing this‚ the three components were forced into conjugate acid (or base) forms‚ causing selective solubility in either an aqueous or organic solvent. These layers were then separated by use of a separation funnel
Premium Solvent Sodium chloride Acetic acid