Objective The objective of this experiment is to perform a steam distillation using a microscale distillation apparatus and isolate a natural product from cloves. Introduction By performing steam distillation we can isolate eugenol at lower temperature than its usual boiling point of 248 degree Celsius. Eugenol belongs to a category called essential oil. Many of these compounds are used as flavoring and perfumes and in the past were considered the essence of plant from which they were derived
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with some organic functional group and test certain reactions of selected functional groups. To do the first part of the experiment (combustion test)‚ instructor demonstration in hood‚ and record the observation. Part A (combustion of toluene) pour 1 milliliter of toluene into a evaporating dish and ignite it with a flaming wood splint. Most importantly put the flame with a watchglass. Part B (combustion of ethyl alcohol)‚ pour 1 mL of ethyl alcohol into an evaporating dish and same as part A ignite
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Name _ __________________________ Section _GEOG 101______ EXERCISE 4 PROBLEMS/SOLUTIONS—PART I For questions 1 through 4‚ calculate the following distances using the fractional map scale. (Your instructor may ask you to show your work in the space provided.) 1. On a map with a scale of 1:24‚000‚ a measured distance of one inch represents an actual distance of: _2000__ feet 2. On a map with a scale of 1:62‚500‚ a measured distance of 4.5 inches represents
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(water) =1000 kg/m3 . Volumetric gas flow rate V (m3/s) is calculated by assuming a flat velocity profile inside the tube. This is justifiable as the flow is turbulent V= v * s’ Where s’= pipe cross sectional area Vapor velocity inside the distillation column (v) = PROCEDURE: • Allow water to pass through the equipment to ensure the plates are loaded with liquid and then stop the water flow. Wait till the excess water is drained from the plates. • Set the inclined manometer to a suitable
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Richard F. Daley and Sally J. Daley www.ochem4free.com Organic Chemistry Chapter 2 Introduction to Organic Nomenclature and Functional Groups 2.1 Drawing Organic Structures 73 2.2 Alkanes 77 2.3 Structural Isomerism 77 2.4 IUPAC Nomenclature 79 2.5 Naming Alkanes 80 2.6 Naming Cycloalkanes 87 2.7 Naming Complex Alkyl Groups 2.8 Functional Groups 97 2.9 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes 2.10 Naming Alkenes‚ Part II 108 2.11 Arenes 109 2.12 Organohalogens 113 2.13 Using Molecular
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In this experiment‚ we used simple distillation and extraction to do synthesis of 1-bromobutane. The experiment was carried out by mixing 13.3 g of sodium bromide‚ 15 mL of water and 10 mL of n-butyl alcohol in a 100 mL round bottom flask. We cooled the mixture and added 11.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. Then the mixture was heated at reflux with a short condenser for 45 minutes and then we drained out the condenser. We removed the condenser and distillation head was set up to set up the condenser
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation Abstract and Applied Analysis Volume 2012‚ Article ID 512127‚ 16 pages doi:10.1155/2012/512127 Research Article Positive Solutions of Eigenvalue Problems for a Class of Fractional Differential Equations with Derivatives Xinguang Zhang‚1 Lishan Liu‚2 Benchawan Wiwatanapataphee‚3 and Yonghong Wu4 1 School of Mathematical and Informational Sciences‚ Yantai University‚ Yantai‚ Shandong 264005‚ China School of Mathematical Sciences‚ Qufu Normal University‚ Qufu‚ Shandong
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details the speed variation between the T1 and E1 leased lines. | | | | | United States T1 | | European E1 | Speed | 1.544 Mbps | | 2.048 Mbps | Wire | 2 Pair Data-grade UTP | | 2 Pair Data-Grade UTP | | | | | Why are fractional T1 and E1 speeds
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THE PROJECT ON CONVERSION OF NUMBER SYSTEMS INDEX Sr no. | TOPIC | Pg No | 1. | Title | 1 | 2. | Subtitle | 1 | 3. | Abstract | 2 | 4. | Introduction | 3 | | 4.1 | Decimal System | 5 | | 4.2 | Binary System | 6 | | 4.3 | Hexadecimal System | 7 | | 4.4 | Octal system | 8 | 5. | Algorithms | 9 | 6. | Solved Examples | 14 | 7. | Programs
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biosurfactants on the first-order biodegradation rate constant for a microbial consortium growing on a mixture of hydrocarbons representing four structural classes of hydrocarbons. The microbial biodegradation rate of hexadecane‚ dodecane‚ benzene‚ toluene‚ iso-octane‚ pristane (2‚6‚10‚14 tetramethyl pentadecane)‚ naphthalene‚ and phenanthrene in the presence and absence of a mixture of rhamnolipid biosurfactant was determined. A first-order biodegradation model was applied in these studies to better
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