DNA Replication Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of a cellular form of life including some viruses. DNA is an antiparallel double helix molecule with sugar-phosphate backbone on the outer side and nitrogen bases in the inner side. The bases are paired specifically‚ also known as complementary pairing‚ Adenine (A) with Thymine (T)‚ and Guanine (G) with Cytosine (C) by two and three hydrogen bonds‚ respectively. DNA is a long polymer
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DNA Research Paper DNA Structure: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the code for life; it makes up the genetic material of living organisms. DNA is a long molecule made up of many subunits‚ or monomers‚ called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of three parts: a sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides contain a sugar-phosphate backbone and bases. There are four bases in DNA: adenine‚ cytosine‚ guanine‚ and thymine. A (adenine) always pairs with T (thymine)‚ and C (cytosine)
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Transcription and Translation The function of DNA in the living world is at once strangely complex and surprisingly simple. The genetic code carried in molecules of DNA is responsible for a spectacular variety of life forms. Plant life in the Amazon‚ creatures on the ocean floor‚ and animals in the Serengeti have all arisen‚ and survive and thrive in their respective environments‚ because of the function of DNA. Inside every living cell‚ DNA directs vital activities‚ such as growth‚ division‚ movement
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The upper most strand is the (coding strand) DNA base sequence (triplet) of the gene codes for synthesis of a particular polypeptide chain. The second strand is the mRNA base sequence (template strand used for copying) codon of the transcribed mRNA. The process for going from the upper stand to the second strand is called Transcription and involves an enzyme called polymerase. The polymerase attaches to the promoter region (start codon) and reads the nucleotide base sequence until it gets to a termination
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DNA Transcription The process of transcription is where a copy of a gene is made within DNA to use as RNA. It is located in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the nucleoid of prokaryotes. DNA stores information encoded in a genetic code. The code consists of four letters and they are T (thymine)‚ G (guanine)‚ A (Adenine)‚ and C (cytosine). One gene codes for on protein. RNA is a molecule that copies information that is coded in another genetic code. This code also consists of the same four
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the role of covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA. The role of covalent and hydrogen are as follows. hydrogen bonds‚ being easy to break‚ allow the DNA to break so that copies can be made. Whereas covalent bonds keep the sugar and phosphate together‚ which allows proper placement and structure. 3. Relate the role of the base pairing rules to the structure of DNA. The bases in a strand of DNA relate to the base pairing rule due to the combination of GC
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TUTORIAL 9 - Student Genetics: Transcription and Translation AIMS: 1. To understand keywords and use them as an aid to study facts 2. To get a better understanding of transcription and translation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Comprehensive reading 2. To associate certain facts with each other‚ therefore creating a bigger picture Exercise 1a: Firstly‚ fill in the structure names for each picture. Secondly‚ describe in a short paragraph what u looking at‚ where u find it and the
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Experiment 2: Transcription and Translation 1. Use a pen or pencil to write a five word sentence using no more than eight different letters in the space below. Tea is a never ever 2. Now‚ use the red‚ blue‚ green‚ and yellow beads to form “codons” (three beads) for each letter in your sentence. Then‚ create codons to represent the “start‚ “space” and stop” regions within your sentence. Write the sentence using the beads in the space below: E: red:green:red I: Blue:red:blue T: blue:yellow:green
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TRANSCRIPTION Submitted To: Ma’am Shumaila Nadeem Submitted By: Zinnia Shah Date of Submission: Sep’25th-2014 KINNAIRD COLLEGE for WOMEN CONTENTS Introduction to transcription in eukaryotic cells -RNA-polymerases -promoters -outline of steps involved in transcription -transcription factors -basal-transcription-apparatus
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DNA TRANSCRIPTION OVERVIEW Changes DNA to mRNA Happens in nucleus mRNA is an RNA copy of the DNA for the protein The mRNA will carry the message to the ribosomes to be translated into a protein STEPS OF TRANSCRIPTION IN PROKARYOTES In order for transcription to take place the strand must be unzipped but only the area where the gene is on the chromosome RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for reading and unzipping the strand Two strands on DNA- one is read and one is not Sense
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