Economies of scale are the cost advantages that a business can exploit by expanding their scale of production. The effect of economies of scale is to reduce the average (unit) costs of production. Economies of scale‚ in microeconomics‚ refers to the cost advantages that an enterprise obtains due to expansion. There are factors that cause a producer’s average cost per unit to fall as the scale of output is increased. "Economies of scale" is a long run concept and refers to reductions in unit cost
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Economies of scale The long run – increases in scale A firm’s efficiency is affected by its size. Large firms are often more efficient than small ones because they can gain from economies of scale‚ but firms can become too large and suffer from diseconomies of scale. As a firm expands its scale of operations‚ it is said to move into its long run. The benefits arising from expansion depend upon the effect of expansion on productive efficiency‚ which can be assessed by looking at changes in average
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INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER Economic Reforms in Myanmar: Pathways and Prospects Hank LIM and Yasuhiro YAMADA This chapter should be cited as: Lim‚ H. and Yamada‚ Y.‚ 2012. “Economic Reforms in Myanmar: Pathways and Prospects.” In Economic Reforms in Myanmar: Pathways and Prospects‚ edited by Hank Lim and Yasuhiro Yamada‚ BRC Research Report No.10‚ Bangkok Research Center‚ IDE-JETRO‚ Bangkok‚ Thailand. Introductory Chapter Economic Reforms in Myanmar: Pathways and Prospects Hank LIM and Yasuhiro YAMADA
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Economic Growth and Social Change * During Cuba’s years as a protectorate‚ it underwent a great sugar boom * In the 19th century Cuba had rapidly emerged as one of the worlds most efficient sugar producers‚ helped by modern vacuum methods in refininf * Sugar came to dominate Cuba’s economy and eventually‚ lasting effect on class structure and social relationships * By the early twentieth century‚ Cuba was producing several million tons of sugar per year‚ 1 quarter of the worlds supply
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barrier to entry in an oligopoly is economies of scale. Economies of scale generally refer to the cost advantages that will be associated with large organizations. Margaretta (2012‚26) suggests that companies pursue economies of scale in the belief that this will be decisive in determining a competitive advantage and increased profitability. Woolworths enjoys significant economies of scale in relation to its competitors. In the supermarket industry‚ benefits of economies of scale is usually achieved by
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dynamic capitalist economy with gradually decreasing guidance of investment and foreign trade by government authorities. In keeping with this trend‚ some large‚ government-owned banks and industrial firms are being privatized. Exports have provided the primary impetus for industrialization. The island runs a trade surplus‚ and foreign reserves are the world’s third largest. Despite restrictions on cross-strait links‚ China has overtaken the US to become Taiwan’s largest export market and‚ in 2006‚ its
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DN: cn=TeAM YYePG‚ c=US‚ o=TeAM YYePG‚ ou=TeAM YYePG‚ email=yyepg@msn.com Reason: I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document Date: 2005.05.07 14:28:47 +08’00’ Digital Economy: Impacts‚ Influences and Challenges Harbhajan S. Kehal Varinder P. Singh IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING i Digital Economy: Impacts‚ Influences and Challenges Harbhajan S. Kehal University of Western Sydney‚ Australia Varinder P. Singh University of Western Sydney‚ Australia IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING Hershey
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The Economy of the Philippines is the 43rd largest in the world; according to 2011 World Bank statistics and it is also one of the emerging markets in the world; according to the CIA Fact book‚ the estimated 2011 GDP (purchasing power parity) was 391.1 billion. Goldman Sachs estimates that by the year 2050‚ it will be the 14th largest economy in the world; Goldman Sachs also included the Philippines in its list of the Next Eleven economies. HSBC projects the Philippine economy to become the 16th
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The Economy of California Term Paper ID:27801 | | | Essay Subject: The nation began recovering from the recession‚ but California’s economy seemed to respond less quickly. There are two likely reasons for this: California’s economy is the largest in the nation; & the decline in aerospace spending.... More... | | Paper Abstract: The nation began recovering from the recession‚ but California’s economy seemed to respond less quickly. There are two likely reasons for this: California’s
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Economic and fiscal outlook March 2013 Cm 8573 Office for Budget Responsibility: Economic and fiscal outlook Presented to Parliament by the Economic Secretary to the Treasury by Command of Her Majesty March 2013 Cm 8573 £38.75 © Crown copyright 2013 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium‚ under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence‚ visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/opengovernment-licence/
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