Free-Response Questions from Past AP Exams 1999: 1. Is Congress effective in exercising legislative oversight of the federal bureaucracy? Support your answer by doing ONE of the following: a. Explain two specific methods Congress uses to exercise effective oversight of the federal bureaucracy. OR b. Give two specific explanations for the failure of Congress to exercise effective oversight of the federal bureaucracy. 2000: 1. The Constitution was an attempt to address problems of decentralization
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Purpose: To find how pH and temperature levels affect the enzyme Background: Enzymes are a type of protein vital to sustaining life‚ it works with vitamins and minerals as a biological catalyst‚ which lowers the activation energy for a reaction to occur. Each individual type of enzyme does a specific job‚ and they do not die‚ they are reused. For example‚ catalase is an enzyme found in almost all living cells that will break down hydrogen peroxide and turn it into water and oxygen. The
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Patrick McCrystal Enzymes: Natural Catalysts Enzymes are catalytic proteins‚ meaning they speed up chemical reactions without beingused up or altered permanently in the process. Although various enzymes use different methods‚all accomplish catalysis by lowering the activation energy for the reaction‚ thus allowing it tooccur more easily. Enzymes have very specific shapes (conformations). Part of the conformationis the active site of the enzyme‚ where the actual catalysis occurs. The specific molecule
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Enzymes are catalysts that are used to speed up chemical reactions. Adding inorganic catalysts to reactants increase the rate of most chemical reactions. However‚ all enzymes are different and there are numerous amounts. Many enzymes are essential for life and reactions would not happen rapidly to maintain life with the help of enzymes. Specific enzymes lower the activation energy for specific reactions and shapes. Activation energy is required to start a chemical reaction. This occurs when energy
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Enzymes An enzyme is a protein used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction. Because they regulate the rate of chemical reactions‚ they are also called catalysts. There are many‚ many different types of enzymes‚ because for each chemical reaction that occurs‚ an enzyme specific to that reaction must be made. To act on a substrate‚ an enzyme must contain an active site. The active site is the area on the enzyme that allows the substrate and enzyme to fit together. The amino acids that are present
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Enzyme Catalysis Introduction: Enzymes are produced by living organisms as proteins. These enzymes perform as catalysts to bring about a chemical reaction. In fact‚ most reactions are catalyzed by enzymes during reactions in the cell or in the human body. A catalyst that enzymes pose ad are by definition substances that are capable of initiating or speeding up a chemical reaction. Catalyst are not a necessity during a chemical reaction‚ they are just used to speed up a chemical reaction. This event
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Enzyme Lab Introduction/ Abstract An enzyme is a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. They are mainly made up of proteins and can tremendously speed up reactions. E. coli ( a bacterium) has about 1‚000 different types of enzymes floating around in its cytoplasm at any given time. Enzymes can be used to join and even break up molecules as shown in the diagram below. (1)
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on enzyme activity Objective To study the effect of two heavy metal ions‚ lead (II) ions and silver ions on the enzyme activity of invertase. Introduction Hypothesis: The rate of enzyme reaction of invertase decreases and the reaction eventually stops as the heavy metal ions inhibit the enzyme reactions. Biological principle: Heavy metal ions are non-competitive inhibitors. They do not compete with the substrates for the active sites of enzymes. They attach to other parts of the enzyme molecules
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was designed to investigate the effects of temperature on reactions between the enzyme catalase found in animal tissue with the substrate H2O2. The hypothesis stated that an increase in the temperature of the substrate would create a subsequent increase in the rate of reaction between the enzyme and the substrate. This hypothesis was tested by immersing 1cm cubes of animal tissue (sheep liver) which contained the enzyme catalase into the substrate (H2O2 ) mixed with detergent which foamed showing a
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A SELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS: Part 1: Colonial Period to Civil War Colonial Times 1607 -1775 1. From 1600 -1763‚ several European nations vied for control of the North American continent. Why did England win the struggle? (73) 2. In the seventeenth century‚ New England Puritans tried to create a model society. What were their aspirations‚ and to what extent were those aspirations fulfilled during the seventeenth century? (83) 3. In the two decades before the
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