Routine Activity Theory (a.k.a R.A.T.) is a criminological theory of victimization that shares similarities with rational choice theories. This similarity is because of R.A.T.’s three main assumptions: that all people are rational‚ intelligent‚ and act in their own self interest. Originally this theory was created by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson in 1979‚ but also has some inspiration from Hindelang’s work on the study of routine daily activities in 1978. Hindelang argued that specific lifestyle
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Victim facilitation is when “victims unknowingly‚ carelessly‚ negligently and inadvertently make it easier for the offender to commit a theft” (Karmen‚ n.d.). Victim precipitation “is a criminology theory that analyzes how a victim’s interaction with an offender may contribute to the crime being committed” (McKenna‚ n.d.). Victim provocation “occurs when a person does something that incites another person to commit an illegal act” (Sage‚ 2016‚ p. 3). The comparison to these three is the fact that
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“The Hound” In Robert Francis’ poem “The Hound‚” the writer creates a sense of fear by comparing how mysterious and unpredictable dogs are to life using an extended metaphor to show life as uncertain and one has to wait to see what it brings at them. In lines 1-5‚ the writer states: “Life the hound/Equivocal/Comes at a bound/Either to rend me/Or to befriend me.” The speaker compares the habits of a hound to life to show even though they are not alike‚ they are similar in the way of not
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your own choice-makings. This freedom to make your own choices is free will.<br><br>Determinism‚ a philosophical doctrine against freedom‚ is the theory stating that all events‚ physical and mental (including moral choices)‚ are completely determined by previously existing causes that preclude free will. This theory denies the element of chance or contingency‚ as well as the reality of human freedom‚ holding that the "will" is not free but is determined by biological‚ environmental‚ social‚ or mystical
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The problem with free will is that it requires a specific attention that most people do not give the topic. Most people believe that free will is the simple ability to make your own decisions. However‚ there are a couple different of factors that play into that decision. Which is what people are trying to figure out. If there is free will in the world‚ or if there are things that are already predetermined. Like how our brain is made up is exactly how we will turn‚ or if people are the ability to
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A) Discuss & evaluate competing ideas of free will & determinism in explaining human behaviour To discuss free will and determinism‚ we must first define what these are. Free will is considered to be the conscious decisions we make thus making us behave in a certain way. Furthermore‚ behaviour can also be determined to be voluntary if it is not automatic and not done under necessity. Free will results in an individual having responsibility for their actions‚ often morally. Those who suffer from
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Critically examine the claim that free will and determinism are incompatible One of the main questions that we face is whether or not‚ we as humans have genuine freedom. Are we free to make our own choices? Do we decide what happens in our lives in the future? Or are our lives set pathways in which we have no say at all? Are all our choices already decided? In other words‚ do we have free will or are our actions pre-determined‚ or both? Hard determinists‚ libertarians and soft determinists all set
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According to Sider and Conee‚ determinism conflicts with the concept of free will. Since all events have single or multiple causes and are also caused by a prior event‚ the existence of free will is questioned. If a person woke up one day and felt energized‚ there would be a reason as to why he woke up that way and not any other way. Perhaps the reason would be that he had 12 hours of sleep‚ or that he woke up to a bright‚ sunny day. Determinism tells us that not only is there a reason why he woke
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into a broad and highly interdisciplinary field. Based upon theories old and new‚ and through the cooperation of the many disciplines involved‚ these dedicated professionals examine crime and criminal behavior to compile and compare statistical data. Utilizing these same theories‚ and disciplines within
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The origins of the criminological imagination lay with C. Wright Mills and his book ‘The Sociological Imagination’. The book was first published back in 1959 and it continues to be published today. Tom Hayden describes Mills as the “sociologist’s sociologist” (Young 2001) and is a key figure and role model in the field of sociological sciences. Todd Gitlin described Mills as the “most inspiring sociologist of the second half of the twentieth century” (Gitlin 2000). The sociological imagination entails
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