just discovering the incredible diversity of prokaryotes/microbes (archaea‚ bacteria) with genetic tools. Lecture 21: trophic levels‚ food chains‚ food web‚ biomass‚ biomagnifications‚ phytoplankton‚ diatoms‚ coccoliths‚ dinoflagellates‚ red tides‚ zooplankton‚ heterotrophs‚ foraminifera‚ copepods‚ Example food chain: diatom‚ copepod‚ anchovy‚ tuna‚
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plastic pollution‚ the accumulation in the environment of man-made plastic products to the point where they create problems for wildlife and their habitats as well as for human populations. In 1907 the invention of Bakelite brought about a revolution in materials by introducing truly synthetic plastic resins into world commerce. By the end of the 20th century‚ however‚ plastics were found to be persistent polluters of many environmental niches‚ from Mount Everest to the bottom of the sea. Whether
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man’s presence (sea urchin). Table showing the organisms present on the cay and their preys Organisms Being Fed On | Organisms Feeding | Flowers | Snails and Bees | Snails and Fish | Turtle | Leaf litter | Earthworm | Phytoplankton | Zooplankton | Algae | Sea Urchin and Fish | Fungi | Crab and Sand Fly | Wood | Wood Boring Beetle | Tree Bark | Termite | Woodlouse and Bees | Spider | Bird | Pelican | Bees and Earthworm | Bird | Discussion Questions: (a) Create a food
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Wildlife Resources‚ 1996). The basin was once home to a plethora of wetlands‚ subalpine to alpine meadows‚ shrublands‚ coniferous‚ and riparian forests. Primarily the Lake Tahoe basin also incorporated 12 various orders of insects‚ six species of zooplankton‚ 8 kinds of fish‚ and numerous invertebrate species which has since been altered primarily due to landscape disruptions as well as the introduction of non-native elements (University of Nevada Reno‚ n.d). Although lodgepole pine‚ red and
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size‚ function‚ autotrophs-producers‚ heterotrophs-consumers/decomposers‚ mixotrophs‚ complex‚ symbiotic/parasitic *Small to big: femtoplankton (viruses)‚ pico (bacteria)‚ nano (diatoms‚ dinoflagellates)‚ micro(sameasnano+protozoa)‚ meso(mostly zooplankton)‚ macroplankton *Grazing food chain: Phyto->zooplk->fish *Sinking flux: dead fall to deeper ocean POM: Particulate organic material DOM: dissolved organic material *Microbial Loop: see picture 1 Collection methods of plankton: Epi-fluorescence
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The upper layer of the atmosphere surrounded by ozone (15 to 30 Kms) is known as ozonosphere. Ozone layer is a protective stratospheric layer‚ also known as ozone umbrella. Ozone concentration differs by about 10 ppm in stratosphere compared to 0.05 ppm in troposphere. It acts as a protective shield for the man‚ animals and plants by filtering out the lethal ultraviolet rays from reaching the earth’s surface. If the ozone layer is not there‚ the harmful ultraviolet rays will reach to the
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How true these words sound in the present context. There is so much pollution all around us today that normal breathing in itself is the greatest risk to our lives. Pollution has affected our lives so adversely that because of this‚ millions of people die annually. The way the environment is being polluted today stands testimony to the fact that we are irresponsible occupants of this Earth and by polluting the air; we are meticulously working towards our own destruction. According to the World Health
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such as those with AIDs or children who are malnourished are more likely to experience a severe case if they become infected. Transmission People harvest oysters in waters infected with sewage‚ as vibrio cholera accumulates in zooplankton and the oysters eat the zooplankton. Cholera has been found in two animal populations: shellfish and plankton Waste from people contaminated with cholera when discharged and allowed to get into waterways‚ groundwater or drinking water supplies untreated it may cause
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Fishers attempt to mimic exactly what the fish eat on a daily basis. Resembling small fish‚ worms‚ or different kinds of insects‚ the freshwater lures are made of either rubber or soft plastic and are painted different colors to try to catch the attention of the fish. The hooks freshwater anglers use for freshwater fishing are also much smaller because the size of freshwater fish’s mouths are smaller. Additionally‚ the rods and reels are much lighter because the fish do fight as hard. On the contrary
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CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF FRESHWATERS Objectives At the end of this section‚ students should be able to 1. Distinguish between freshwaters and seawater in terms of ionic composition. 2. Describe the variation of ionic composition in natural freshwaters and other inland waters. 3. Explain the factors that contribute to such variation. 4. Describe Gibbs’ model that explains the major factors contributing to variation in chemical composition of inland waters. 5. Explain
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