ADEYEMI G.A OMEGA 2013 The petroleum industry has evolved over the years to become a gigantic industry. Personnel in the areas of sciences & applied sciences are required: • Petroleum engineers • Mechanical engineers • Chemical engineers • Electrical engineers • Computer scientists • Physicists • Chemists • Marine biologists & • Geologists engineers • Others There 2 broad classifications of global petroleum industry: • National Oil Companies
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Analysis of Hydrocarbons Leoncito‚ Alyssa Lynn‚ Libatique‚ Keith Martin P.‚ Ligot‚ Nestlhyn B.*‚ Lim‚ Jamie Therese T. Department of Psychology‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract Four organic samples: hexane‚ cyclohexene‚ napthalene and toulene were given to serve as reference standards to characterize and distinguish four unknown given samples. Nitration‚ bromine and basic oxidation testswere conducted to classify the different samples from being an aliphatic‚ or aromatic
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon Carbon
Introduction The purpose to of this experiment is to carry out the alkylation of sodium saccharin with iodo-ethane and analyze the product mixture to determine the structure of the major product. Sodium saccharin is made from the base catalyzed de protonation of saccharin. This nucleophilic reaction is special because the nucleophilic atom can be oxygen or nitrogen and the leaving group is iodide ion. The solvent used in this reaction is very important for determining the rate of nucleophilic
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technology. UOP also specializes in the development of the catalysts‚ adsorbents and equipment that enable both new and existing operations to produce high quality LAB. Linear alkyl benzene (LAB)‚ a basic petrochemical intermediate is derived by alkylation of benzene starting from n-paraffins feedstock‚ is used to produce LAS (Linear Alkyl benzene Sulphonate). Linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS) for laundry detergents‚ light-duty dishwashing liquids‚ industrial cleaners‚ for household cleaners.
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synthesis [1-5]. In general‚ acylation reaction is one of the important carbon-carbon forming reactions. It belongs to the reactions of the enolate derived from a carbonyl group with an electrophilic carbon such as Aldol‚ Claisen‚ Michael reaction and alkylation of metal enolates [6-9].The acylation reaction as well as above other reactions of enolates has serious limitations to be overcome. In these reactions‚ a strong base NaOH is needed to transform the carbonyl compounds into their anion forms. Generally
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Krystalle‚ or “flowing crystals‚” noting that within a certain temperature range cholesteryl benzoate pours like a liquid but refracts polarized light like a crystalline solid. Three Classes of Crystal‚ November 1‚ 1922 French crystallographer Georges Friedel publishes an article in which he divides liquid crystals into three categories based on their molecular organization: nematic‚ smectic‚ and cholesteric. Recent Developments Nematic Liquid Crystal Confined in Electrochemically Etched Porous Silicon:
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Comparison of Harlequin and Lamellar Ichthyosis In the world of genetics‚ genes are what drive the pathways to how the body processes‚ when there is a mistake in the gene the bodies mechanic do not function the way it should. In many cases‚ a result would be a deformity and/or a disease. In humans there are 46 chromosomes and on each of these chromosomes are thousands and thousands of genes which all correlate to the function of the body. When mutations occur this can lead to problems‚ with Harlequin
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Functional Group Analysis: Carbonyl Compounds‚ Oxidizable Carbonyl Compounds and Acidic Compounds Christian Paul L. Ramos Institute of Chemistry‚ University of the Philippines‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City 1101 Philippines Date Performed: August 24‚ 2012; Date Submitted: September 19‚ 2012 Results and Discussion Aldehydes and ketones both contain the carbonyl group – a group in which a carbon atom has a double bond to oxygen. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is bonded to at least one
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Chemistry (the etymology of the word has been much disputed)[1] is the science of matter and the changes it undergoes. The science of matter is also addressed by physics‚ but while physics takes a more general and fundamental approach‚ chemistry is more specialized‚ being concerned with the composition‚ behavior (or reaction)‚ structure‚ and properties of matter‚ as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.[2] It is a physical science which studies various substances‚ atoms‚ molecules
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Title: Reaction of Iodoethane with Sodium Saccharin- Ambient Nucleophile Dates Performed: February 21 + 28‚ 2013 Date Submitted: March 14‚ 2013 Abstract: The product ratio of N-ethylsaccharin to O-ethylsaccharin that occurred due to alkylation with iodoethane at 80 oC was determined to be 81.5% to 18.5%‚ respectively‚ based on an analysis of the 1H NMR spectrum that was collected. The melting point range of 87.8-94.7 oC also indicated that the mixture was largely composed of N-ethylsaccharin
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