Social Theories: How It Relates to Gangs & Gang Violence By Stuart Brown Criminology is a complex subject chock-full of theories that attempt to explain crime and criminal behavior. Each base theory has several branches of theory which expand upon and compliment their predecessors. Even some of the sub-theories have branches of theories. This paper is going to discuss two social theories; social structure and social process. It is also going to cover some of the branches
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DISCHARGE Written by Mardi Szantyr Discharge of a contract refers to the way in which it comes to an end. Contracts can come to an end in the following ways: 1. by performance 2. by agreement 3. by frustration 4. by breach Each one of these methods of discharge will be considered. Discharge by performance The contract comes to an end when both parties perform their contractual obligations. Performance must substantially correspond with what the parties agreed allowing for minor
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When a person’s environment is perpetrated by bouts of minor and major crime on a daily basis‚ this crime-ridden environment becomes the norm for the people that reside in the area. Some individuals embrace this existence of criminality willingly‚ while others do their absolute best to look beyond the wrongdoings of the people who cannot seem to escape the law-breaking lifestyle. Society is constantly exposed to images from the media that present a bad image of crime and poverty‚ which then shapes
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While scientific racism began much earlier than the nineteenth century‚ the true racists of the United States were supposed to be the (former) slaveholders of the confederacy‚ but Black criminality soon became the dominant discourse among social scientists. Demonstrating the limits of liberalism‚ social scientists like Nathaniel Shaler constructed widely accepted views that fell in line with the “progressive” ideas of Jim Crow modernity.
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experiences. Cortical Arousal: Activation of the cerebral cortex‚ a structure of the brain that is responsible for higher intellectual functioning‚ information processing‚ and decision making. Differential Association- Reinforcement: A theory of criminality based on the incorporation of psychological learning theory and differential association with social learning theory. Criminal behavior‚ the theory claims‚ is learned through associations and is contained or discontinued as a result of positive
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What is Asthma? Asthma is a disease affecting the airways that carry air to and from the lungs. People who suffer from this chronic condition (long-lasting or recurrent) are said to be asthmatic. The inside walls of an asthmatic’s airways are swollen or inflamed. This swelling or inflammation makes the airways extremely sensitive to irritations and increases susceptibility to an allergic reaction. As inflammation causes the airways to become narrower‚ less air can pass through them‚ both to
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it can be directed to oneself‚ where self-destructive actions take place. There are many factors that provoke aggression. It can be caused by overwhelming emotions of frustration‚ genetic inheritance‚ triggering of certain environments and aggressive influences. Forms of aggression can range from inter-male aggression‚ fear induced aggression‚ irritable aggression‚ territorial aggression and instrumental aggression. Through out the many generations of humans‚ aggression has been a well-known behaviour
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Item A: "The news media are one of our main sources of knowledge about crime and deviance. Often the media will create a moral panic surrounding crimes and criminals or deviants. Moral panics can lead to a range of responses by the public‚ by agents of social control and by the criminals or deviants themselves. Over-representation of certain types of crimes may lead to heightened fear of these crimes by the public. In some cases‚ moral panics may also result in a change in the law." 01. Using
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in order to determine whether the genetic make-up of an individual or the environment in which they are raised is accountable for creating criminals. The result of which‚ is the conclusion that both genes and the environment play a role in the criminality of an individual (Bartol‚ 2002). Various twin‚ family‚ and adoption studies in addition to laboratory experiments have generated supporting evidence that it is mostly an interaction between biological and psychosocial perspectives that predicts
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CJUS343-X-1502A-01 Criminology Intellipath Biological Theory Learning Materials As with other theories within the criminal justice theater‚ multiple variables exist within the study of the biological theory. The following will examine those most researched. Constitutional Theory Body types are examined and for the most part‚ explained through what is referred to as constitutional theory. This theory addresses offenders’ body types‚ genetics‚ or external observable physical characteristics (Schmalleger
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