punished one another. However‚ they may disagree about their reasons for subjecting a wrongdoer to pain and suffering. Punishment is usually justified on utilitarian grounds as a necessary evil. It is argued that punishing transgressors curbs future criminality in a number of ways. The offender who experiences unpleasant consequences learns a lesson and is discouraged from breaking the law again‚ assuming that the logic of specific deterrence is sound. Making an example of a convicted criminal also serves
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“Am I a juvenile delinquent? I am a teenager. I am young –young at heart and in mind. In this position‚ I am carefree. I enjoy doing nothing but to drink the win of pleasure…Honorable judge‚ friends‚ and teachers...is this the girl whom you commented a juvenile delinquent?” (Anonymous) Perhaps all of us have heard this famous declamation piece‚ but have we ever looked closer into the depths of the term‚ “juvenile delinquency?” Will juvenile delinquency be only remembered through a declamation or
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view of an Individual Positivist is that those who become involved in crime or deviance are characteristically different to those who abide by the law. The theory‚ also known as Eugenics is a primarily‚ biologically based theory that claims that criminality is individualistic‚ i.e. crime is committed mainly by individuals as opposed to those in groups. These theorists put forward the notion that certain idiosyncrasies – either physical or psychological – are similar in those who are criminal‚ and
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in general is learned. That’s how we evolve and further innovate our lives. Some learn to be productive citizens and some learn to engage in criminal behavior. Criminal behavior exists because of the way people think and the choices they make. Criminality is a lifestyle‚ and criminals must either be confined forever or be taught how to change their ways of thinking. In criminology‚ biological and psychological explanations of behavior have been out of style for some time. In fact‚ the authors of
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over several decades. However‚ such claims based on the latter provide substantive information pertaining to additional research conducted within the stages of theoretical revision. Through decades of learning and acquired knowledge about female criminality and treatment‚ theorists captured a hypothesis that focuses on two subjects‚ the female offender and its ties with gender equality. In addition‚ modern theorists have research through interviews and surveys based on race and gender was conducted
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4. According to Nobel Prize-winning economist Gary Becker‚ criminals engage in a(n) __________ of crime. 5. Which of the following circumstances would prompt an offender to decide to forgo crime? 6. Which statement reflects structuring criminality based on economic need? 7. According to the rational choice approach‚ the decision to commit crime is structured by: 8. That thieves select German cars indicates that auto theft is rational because: 9. Why is drug dealing considered a
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This paper discusses the meaning of “burden of proof” and “standard of proof” and will also explain the direction of the Judge given to the jurors in the given set of facts. 1. BURDEN OF PROOF It is derived from the Latin expression onus probandi. The burden of proof or onus of proof refers to the obligation on a party to satisfy the court to a specified standard of proof that certain facts are true. The facts for this particular purpose are facts in issue.1 Burden of proof is closely associated
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in wailing and mourning when there is separation from parent or offspring or mate. Human beings‚ it is reasonable to suppose‚ function in similar ways‚ with emotional distresses of anger‚ fear and grief and their behaviors‚ tied in with physical frustrations. In animals of the same species‚ anger with its associated aggressive threat or fight behavior appears to have adaptive functions: it leads to social cohesion and leadership by maintaining dominance hierarchies; it makes for an effective use of
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Perspective Midterm For hundreds of years‚ people have been trying to understand criminals and what causes people to act criminally. Many theories were created and some became more widely accepted than others. In the 1700s‚ a new perspective into criminality rose; the classical perspective. Father of the classical perspective‚ Cesare Beccaria‚ provided theories much different from the previous ideas about why people commit crimes. He and others who believed in the classical perspective focused on the
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only increasing its rate. The difference between poor and rich in the UK is increasing‚ putting more people in the need of money they can’t access. These people join a culture where everyone earns their living by performing different types of criminalities. That could be stealing money‚ stealing food or even selling drugs. All this makes them used to being criminal‚ and today you could probably see a 14-year-old pull a gun on you‚ where 10 years ago that would never happen. Whenever the teenagers
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