To discuss how difficult would it be for Hong Kong to develop and promote biofuels to replace petroleum as car fuel‚ we should consider the matter from geographical ‚ economical and safety aspects. From geographical perspective‚ biodiesel feedstock available in Hong Kong is waste cooking oil and animal fats. Due to the limited space‚ it is not possible to build many biodiesel production plants in Hong Kong‚ as a result the supply of biofuel would not be enough. Moreover‚ Hong Kong has heavy use
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Abstract: In Rockets and Missiles combustion gas of an integral burning of a propellant flows along the duct of the propellant. If the nozzles attached to a rocket motor are removed‚ the pressure on the duct becomes equal to atmospheric pressure and no sonic velocity is attained at the rear end of the duct. Then no thrust generated by the combustion of the propellant. In nozzleless propulsion the mass burning rate of the propellant in the duct is increased and the flow reaches sonic velocity
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Fuel Hedging for Delta Airlines Delta Air Lines • A major United States Airline • Results of operations are impacted by changes in • Aircraft fuel prices • Interest rates • Foreign currency exchange rates • Derivative contracts Derivative Type Hedged Risk Classification of Gains and Losses Fuel hedge contracts Interest rate contracts Foreign currency exchange contracts Increases in jet fuel prices Increases in interest rates Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates Aircraft fuel and
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Southwest Airlines Fuel Hedging and Relations to Profitability Abstract In order to stay airborne‚ a passenger airline has to consistently generate profits. Profits come only from paying passengers‚ hence all stratagems must be customer oriented. In a scenario where there are many airlines competing with each other‚ one way of attracting passengers is to keep the cost of flying low‚ while providing value for money. On the other hand‚ expenses must tightly controlled to reach and stay at the
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African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 4 (6): 226-229‚ 2012 ISSN 2079-2034 © IDOSI Publications‚ 2012 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ajbas.2012.4.6.1121 A Prototyping Model for Fuel Level Detector and Optimizer 1 Deep Gupta‚ 2Brajesh Kr. Singh and 3Kuldeep Panwar H.M.R. Institute of Technology and Management‚ Plot No. 370‚ Hamidpur‚ Delhi-110036‚ India 2 Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology‚ Kashmere Gate‚ New Delhi-110006‚ India 3 H.M.R. Institute of Technology and Management‚ Plot No
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KOMODO BIO FUELS – CASE STUDY There is several risk identification to be asked in this projects‚ those are as follows: 1. Environmental risk * This is particularly in connection with natural resources‚ there is a risk that the natural resources‚ raw materials‚ or other factors of productions necessary for successful operation may become depleted or unavailable during the life of project * Does the company engage the independent consultant to do the assessment and research of conservation
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Fossil fuels comprise 80 percent of current global primary energy demand‚ and the energy system is the source of approximately two thirds of global carbon dioxide emissions as of 2015 (Foster and Elzinga). For decades‚ people have argued about whether fossil fuels are helpful to the planet and sustainability. Although‚ there is no right or wrong answer because renewable and non-renewable resources have disadvantages and advantages. There are very many different variables to be considered in this
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INTRODUCTION According to Wikipedia‚ fuel is any material that stores energy that can later be extracted to perform mechanical work in a controlled manner. A fuel contains energy‚ mostly heat‚ which can be released and then manipulated. Most fuels used by humans undergo combustion‚ a redox reaction in which a combustible substance releases energy after it ignites and reacts with the oxygen in the air. Other processes used to convert fuel into energy include various other exothermic chemical
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Using ethanol as an alternate fuel‚ or fuel extender includes a heterogenous agglomeration of advantages and disadvantages. On cars: ethanol is preferable to lead as an octane booster. A 10% addition of ethanol to petrol is more effective than lead at boosting octane rating (+2.5) and making car run smoother. It’s cheaper than lead‚ and ethanol-blended fuels leave no gummy deposits‚ thus keeps engine clean. Although a minimal 10% ethanol blend should be compatible with internal combustion engines
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A “Hedge” of the Pack: A Review of Southwest Airlines Innovative Fuel Strategy While many airlines suffer from rising fuel costs‚ Southwest Airlines continues to emerge victorious in the aeronautical landscape. Other carriers now forced to increase prices to compensate for fuel costs‚ are now subject to the new mindsets of consumers who are opting for longer bus and car rides‚ or simply not traveling at all. The woes of the airlines industry have many posing the question if airline travel
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