Pakistan: Conversion of Vehicle Fuel from CNG to HCNG & its Environmental Effects/Benefits’ Qandeel Fatima Gillani *‚ Farrukh Jamil**‚ Waqar-un-Nisa***‚Dr. Moinuddin Ghauri**** Department of Chemical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore‚ Punjab‚ Pakistan Abstract- The land of Pakistan is highly enriched with treasure of natural gas reservoirs due to that compressed natural gas CNG is abundantly used all over the Pakistan as a vehicle fuel. Natural gas can be blended with
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times every 60 seconds. Because of the constant flow of fuel passing through them‚ gasoline deposits
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Alternative Energy Alternative energy refers to energy sources that have no undesired consequences such for example fossil fuels‚ nuclear energy and falling water. Fossil fuels are coal‚ petroleum and natural gas. There are some characteristics of the fossil fuels that made the concept of alternative energy come into place. (Alternative Energy) One of the fossil fuels‚ Petroleum‚ forms a thin film around the grains of the rock where it formed. Pressure from the overlying rock and water move the
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UTILIZATION OF GABING SAN FERNANDO (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) IN THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL USING SACCHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION April 2013 Jill Nathalie P. Bandian Andrea Marie H. Malinawan A Research Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in Science 2B‚ UP Rural High School‚ Paciano Rizal‚ Bay‚ Laguna TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. I. Introduction ..........................................................................
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type of relationship do these variables have with each other? The variable that we manipulated was the fuel to oxygen ratio and the variable that we observed was how efficiently the fuel burned in each of the mixtures. The efficiency of the combustion depended on the fuel to oxygen ratio. If mixture was fuel lean the combustion reaction would produce less soot and smoke. If the mixture was fuel rich‚ an incomplete combustion reaction occurred and it produced plenty of soot and smoke. The controlled
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capitalized as Diesel engine) is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel‚ which is injected into the combustion chamber. This is in contrast to spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed to gasoline)‚ which uses a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. The engine was developed by Rudolf Diesel in 1893. The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency of any regular
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release of Carbon into the atmosphere. Carbon is released by the transport sector; by the manufacturing processes; and by the heating‚ cooling‚ and electricity for buildings. Carbon Emissions to the atmosphere is mainly from the burning of fossil fuels. The release of carbon is measured in metric tons. What is impact of Carbon Emissions on climate change? The emission of carbon to the atmosphere results into global warming[1]. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere acts as blanket to contain radiated
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Throughout most of history‚ the amount of waste generated by humans was insignificant due to low population density and low societal levels of the exploitation of natural resources. Common waste produced during premodern times was mainly ashes and human biodegradable waste‚ and these were released back into the ground locally‚ with minimum environmental impact. Tools made out of wood or metal were generally reused or passed down through the generations. However‚ some civilizations do seem to have
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Impact of Fuel Price Deregulation in India Introduction Empowered group of Ministers on Friday‚ 25th June 2010‚ took a decision to decontrol the petrol prices increasing it by 3.50 per litre & that of kerosene by Rs 3 a litre. While petrol is mainly used by the middle class for cars‚ kerosene is used by the poor for power. Diesel prices rose by Rs 2 per litre and might be freed up in the future. Cooking gas prices were raised by Rs 35 a cylinder. Govt. has indeed taken a bold step by deciding
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aspects. Life on earth has gradually changed and what people had thousands of years ago greatly differs from what people have today. Technology has improved people’s lives drastically. In the recent years‚ people have started from using an abacus to a calculator in a mere transition of 50-60 years. The development of technology is increasing at an alarming rate and people today can do so much more in a blink of an eye. With a click of a key‚ information can be sent across the world. Technology has improved
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