order for a muscle to contract requires a nerve impulse to arrive at the neurotransmitter junction. This then causes a release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the presynaptic terminal. By binding with its receptors on the membrane of the muscle fiber‚ which opens sodium channels generating an action potential that spreads through the length of the fiber‚ stimulating release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium is what activates the contractile mechanism‚ causing the muscle fiber to shorten
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move through a system of muscles‚ bones‚ tendons‚ cartilage and ligaments. Each past of the system is operated by the nervous system‚ which has its main control center in the brain‚ this creates voluntary movement such as kicking a ball. The body moves through different muscle contractions‚ these contractions are
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Cellular Functions CORE TOPIC 1: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS Learning Outcomes: (a) Describe and interpret drawings and photographs of typical animal and plant cells as seen under the electron microscope‚ recognising the following membrane systems and organelles: rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum‚ Golgi body‚ mitochondria‚ ribosomes‚ lysosomes‚ chloroplasts‚ cell surface membrane‚ nuclear envelope‚ centrioles‚ nucleus and nucleolus. (b) Outline the functions of the membrane systems and organelles
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eukaryotic cells. This means that the mitochondria and chloroplasts were prokaryotic cells‚ which entered the eukaryotic cells and co-existed through endosymbiosis. There are many organelles inside a eukaryote cell‚ each performing dedicated functions. For example‚ the nucleus‚ this is a membrane bound structure containing DNA and other genetic information. The mitochondria reserve and convert energy into form usable by the cell. They are known as the power houses of cells. The plasma membrane
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DESMOSOME STRUCTURE & ITS FUNCTIONS | Bricks in a building must be stuck together and also tied somehow to the foundation. Similarly‚ cells within tissues and organs must be anchored to one another and attached to components of the extracellular matrix. Cells have developed several types of junctional complexes to serve these functions‚ and in each case‚ anchoring proteins extend through
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Cognitive Function and the Brain The brain has a major role in the area of cognition. Everything from emotion‚ problem solving‚ language‚ the way we process and categorize memories‚ and how we learn all stem from the functioning of the brain. This paper will discuss the role of the brain in cognitive functions and describe the impact that Phineas Gage’s accident had on revealing the brain’s role in cognitive function. Anatomy of the Brain Cognitive functions derive from the area of the brain
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Activity 1 – The Muscle Twitch and Latent 1) Define the terms skeletal muscle fiber‚ motor unit‚ skeletal muscle twitch‚ electrical stimulus‚ and latent period. Skeletal Muscle Fiber: Skeletal muscle cells that are composed of hundreds to thousands of individual cells that produce muscle tension. These fibers are what move our bodies and generate muscle tension/force that enables us to have manual dexterity. Motor unit: consists of one motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers that it
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Anaerobic Muscles Anatomy & Physiology I Embrey Parker South University Online Faculty: Mary Blasingham Week 6 Discussion Assignment 1 Evaluate the anatomical and physiological similarities and differences between skeletal‚ cardiac and smooth muscle. During
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Biology HL -Functions of the Liver Essay The liver receives its blood from two main sources; the hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein. The hepatic artery transports oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart through the aorta to the liver. The deoxygenated blood from the liver is drained back out through the hepatic vein which returns it to the vena cava. The hepatic portal vein carries nutrient rich blood from the small intestine to the liver. Its blood however
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M.Sc. malaudi@gmail.com The Structural and Functional Organization of Muscles • About 600 human skeletal muscles • Constitute about half of our body weight • Three kinds of muscle tissue – Skeletal‚ cardiac‚ smooth • Specialized for one major purpose – Converting the chemical energy in ATP into the mechanical energy of motion; Contraction and Movement • Myology—the study of the muscular system The Functions of Muscles • Movement – Locomotion – movement of body parts and body contents: • • •
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