Illiteracy may be defined as ‘the condition of being unable to read or write’ and it is one of the main causes of poverty in any society‚ and Pakistan unfortunately. According to the 1998 census the definition of literacy is ‘one who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter‚ in any language’. Based on this definition Pakistan has a literacy rate of 55% *. Illiteracy contributes to poverty in numerous ways‚ both indirect and direct. The first link between illiteracy and poverty tends to
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Barry Allahyar Dr. Dodd CHEM 2122 2010-09-16 Experiment 19: Fischer Esterification‚ Conclusion The objective in this experiment was to efficiently perform an Fischer esterification of 1-butanol and acetic acid to form water and n-butyl acetate‚ and to confirm the esterification using IR spectroscopy analysis. It was found that 0.734 grams of n-butyl acetate was formed with a percent yield of 61%. The product was confirmed using IR spectroscopy and boiling point confirmation. The reaction mechanism
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In Jonathan Kozol’s essay “The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society” Kozol relies on tugging on the reader’s heartstrings rather than presenting the statistics that would prove his point without a shadow of a doubt. In the end readers are left thinking “why should I care so much about the illiterate?” That being said‚ Kozol strikingly relates to the reader the many things that an illiterate person cannot do on a day to day basis. His accounts of illiteracy are shocking and heartbreaking to read
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The effect of illiteracy Every person has the right to gain the basic knowledge of reading and writing. People that do not have this education are known as illiterate. Even with the extremely modernized society that we live in‚ illiteracy still occurs and has a big effect on the overall success of the country. Illiteracy has lots of effects on the society. It affects the development of the country‚ the people in the society‚ and the illiterate people themselves. First‚ illiteracy
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The world of illiterate and poverty-ridden people is like a vast endless desert where literacy is like an oasis‚ a fertile land with fresh water flowing and majestic palm trees growing. Illiteracy keeps people chained to ignorance and superstition and is an obstacle in the path of civilization. With literacy comes awareness and awareness brings progress‚ culture and civilization. Illiteracy brings ignorance‚ and ignorance leads to wars and controversies. God made man in his own image but today humans
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Postmortem of two projects and 100% literacy Mahfuzur Rahman Manik Recently two projects related to literacy has been died. These projects were considered as the key instruments to achieve ’hundred percent literate dreamy Bangladesh’. Both the projects require a detailed analysis. Last year in the eve of the literacy day the website of Bureau of non-formal education (BNFE) displayed `we are committed to ensure 100% literacy by 2014’. This year the same website has displayed‚ ‘this account
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ILLITERACY IN AMERICA Your ability to read and comprehend the words printed on this paper already sets you apart from 14% of adults living in America. This means that more than 32 million Americans today are considered illiterate and live with a tremendous disadvantage. That is a big chunk of the US population‚ but the worst part is that illiteracy is not getting any better from how it was a decade ago. According to the most recent National Assessment of Adult Literacy in 2003‚ 14% of adult Americans
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Notes Aldehydes and Ketones The major similarity between an aldehyde and a ketone is the carbonyl group. A carbonyl group is a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom. [pic] Both molecules have a carbonyl group‚ the difference the number of carbons bonded to the carbonyl carbon. An aldehyde will have none or one and a ketone will have two carbons. All aldehydes‚ except formaldehyde‚ will have a hydrogen atom on one side of the carbonyl carbon and at least on carbon on the other side
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Results and Discussion: A reaction involving two bond formation was employed for the preparation of 3‚5-disubstituted 1‚2‚4-triazole as nucleobase analog. The hydrazides 2a‚b were allowed to react with the heteroaryl substituted acetonitrile derivatives 1a-c using catalytic amount of K2CO3 and n-butanol as a solvent to afford the disubstituted 1‚2‚4-triazoles 3-7 bearing benzothiazole‚ benzotriazole‚ quinoloxymethyl and benziimidazole ring systems in moderate yields. The structures of compounds
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Chalcones were synthesized according to the previously described methodology (26). A substituted acetophenone (5 mmol) and benzaldehyde (5 mmol) were dissolved in dry methanol (30 ml) and catalytic amount of sodium hydroxide was added to the above solution. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min and then neutralized with 1 N HCl. The products were purified by recrystallization from ethyl alcohol and water. The synthetic procedure and reaction conditions for chalcones are illustrated in scheme
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