A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero . Under such conditions‚ a large fraction of the bosons occupy the lowest quantum state‚ at which point quantum effects become apparent on a macroscopic scale. These effects are called macroscopic quantum phenomena.Although later experiments have revealed complex interactions‚ this state of matter was first predicted‚ generally‚ in papers by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert
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Consider a very hot mug of coffee on the countertop of your kitchen. For discussion purposes‚ we will say that the cup of coffee has a temperature of 80°C and that the surroundings has a temperature of 26°C. What do you suppose will happen in this situation? I suspect that you know that the cup of coffee will gradually cool down over time. At 80°C‚ you wouldn’t dare drink the coffee. Even the coffee mug will likely be too hot to touch. But over time‚ both the coffee mug and the coffee will cool down
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Quintessence Another genre of model for dark energy are the scalar-field models. Unlike the cosmological constant‚ the scalar-field models are dynamic. They hold that the force causing the accelerating expansion of the universe varies based on time and locations. Moreover‚ as the name suggests‚ scalar fields are used to demonstrate the magnitude at the specified point in space and time. In essence‚ they demonstrate that the fabric of space-time is not homogeneous. Consequently‚ a non-homogeneous
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Zach Hicks (Z1603274) Karen Richards Section F (0900 - 1150) 11/30/12 The Waiter Problem Solving Part A: Center of Mass in One Direction 1. Since the mass of the plate is a uniform‚ the center of mass is in the center of the plate. The plate has diameter d = 28 cm‚ thus the center of mass is 14 cm from the edge of the plate. In the lab‚ two scenarios will be analyzed; 1) when the glass is standing up‚ and 2) when the glass is laying on its side. When the glass is standing up‚ its mass
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6. Applications * Is it possible to add heat to a body without changing its temperature? Yes. It is possible to add energy to a body (in the form of heat) and not raise its temperature by causing a phase change. When you heat ice it takes energy to convert it from ice to water‚ but does not change the temperature of the body until it is all converted. The principle behind this is what we call latent heat. It refers to the energy (or heat) required to change the state of a substance without changing
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Burning peanuts to simulate cellular respiration This lab will be assessed on Conclusion & Evaluation. Aim To determine the average energy content of 1g of peanut. Method 1. Set up a clamp stand so that it is holding a 100cm3 beaker. 2. Using a measuring cylinder‚ pour 50cm3 of water into the beaker. 3. Use a thermometer to record the temperature of the water. 4. Place some aluminium foil over the beaker to prevent heat loss. 5. Record the mass of a peanut using an electronic balance
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Heat‚ Temperature‚ and Phase Changes Assessment Practice Answer This graph shows what happens to the temperature of the water‚ while it was boiling in a kettle‚ as heat energy was being added to it and what the water was doing will it began to warm and change states. During a phase change‚ the temperature remains mainly constant. This occurs because the heat energy is used to break the bonds between the ice molecules as they turn into a liquid phase. It is possible to constantly
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Phase Change Lab Report by Dylan Norford Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to study the energy changes associated with the phase changes of water. In this experiment we know the water is gaining energy so we know the heat is going to be positive and we can use the equation MCΔT to find the energy change. The specific heat will be 1 and we just have to measure the water to find the mass and take the temperature before and after we start to find the energy change. Background: The science
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Specific Heat Lab Objective: Find the specific heat of the unknown metal given using calorimetry. Background Theory: In every reaction‚ energy is transferred between a system and its environment. A system encompasses the substances that are involved in a reaction‚ and everything else in the universe other than the system is called the environment. The standard SI unit of energy is Joules (J). Temperature is the level of excitement of the atoms in a substance. In most cases‚ energy is
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Introduction The purpose of this lab is to examine the motion of an electron‚ when it encounters a constant magnetic and electric field. We will also observe when the electric field and magnetic field will cancel each other out. This will lead to the electron having no net force acting upon it. By adjusting the values for the magnetic and electric fields‚ we will be able to check the different paths the electron follows. From this data we will be able to calculate the charge-to-mass ratio. Then
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