ADDICTION REVISION Biological Models of Addiction MODEL ONE: GENETICS McGue (1999) found that genes contribute to the development of alcohol dependence‚ with heritability estimates from 50-60% for both men and women. Noble et al (1991) found that the A1 variant of the DRD2 (Dopamine Receptor) was present in more than 2/3 of deceased alcoholics. Those with the A1 variant appear to have fewer dopamine receptors; they then turn to drugs and alcohol to increase their dopamine levels – compensating for
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on lest the party run out of provisions. However‚ his fellow travelers stay put‚ using liquor to comfort them. Uncle Billy goes into a stupor‚ the Duchess becomes tearfully emotional‚ and Mother Shipton falls asleep. Oakhurst does not drink. As a gambler‚ he had cultivated the habit of staying sober. .......While observing his surroundings–the
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Christian organization that investigates hot topics in America today‚ he states that there are twelve million compulsive gamblers in the United States. Out of this twelve million‚ 96% began gambling before the age of 14. He also reported that the average compulsive gambler has debts exceeding $80‚000. This means that for this class‚ if we all grow up to be compulsive gamblers‚ all but one of us will have started gambling by now‚ and we will all one day be in extreme debt. Today I will be informing
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serotonin= good mood) or Naltrexone (a dopamine receptor antagonist‚ which reduces the reward of gambling by reducing dopamine) may be effective. + Hollander found that gamblers treated with SSRI’s showed improvements compared to a control group - BUT Hollander’s study only had 10 participants; a larger‚ longer study by Blanco et al (32 gamblers over 6 months) showed SSRI was no more effective than a placebo + Kim and Grant showed that naltrexone led to decrease in gambling thoughts and behaviours after
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that it wasn’t intended to be. It’s like plastic surgery on a cellular level‚ some are against plastic surgery‚ and some people are okay with it. Stake-holders of this topic may be coaches‚ athletes‚ gamblers‚ and even the FDA. Everybody’s reasons for advocating gene doping are different‚ gamblers might advocate it so that way the athlete they’re betting on has the upper hand against their competitor‚ and coaches might do it so they have a
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of the dice. Gambling is one of the oldest known pursuits of mankind. Archeological evidence suggests that even the earliest caveman was a gambler. Dice-like objects made from the ankle bone of a sheep or dog called Astragali dating back 40‚000 years have been found. Cave drawings depicting gambling offer further proof of the existence of early gamblers. Pairs of dice have even turned up in the ruins of Pompeii‚ some of them "loaded" to fall a certain way. Around 2300 B.C.‚ the Chinese invented
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the end. Following up by bankruptcy‚ gamblers will face many hard times with loan shark. Most of them are unable to pay back as the interest rate gradually increases. Time after time‚ loan shark will disturb their lives and force them to pay back in any chance. Reports review that loan shark can be so inhumane that they will wreck and destroy the victim’s house‚ kidnap and blackmail any family members‚ or even strangle them to death. Subsequently‚ gamblers will have a broken relationship with their
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Confirmation bias is a common bias among individuals. The textbook defines Confirmation bias as “ the tendency to notice and search for information that confirms one’s beliefs and to ignore information that dis-confirms one’s beliefs.” (Baumeister) Like many biases can be beneficial as well as detrimental to ones future. The textbook uses an example of someone who is told by a phychic that he will become a famous astrologer. He most likely had an interest in this topic‚ and quite possibly could have
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of impulse controls disorder. Compulsive gambler can not control the impulse to gamble even when they know their gambling is hurting themselves‚ and love ones. Gambling is all they can think about‚ and all they want to do‚ no matter the consequences. Compulsive gamblers keep gambling whether they are happy or sad‚ up or down‚ broke or flush‚ and depressed. The one arm bandit is one of the most exciting and addictive gambling instruments that a gambler gets accustom to. The casino is the place
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hundreds‚ was quickly becoming popular. Almost every American at was a fan of baseball‚ which meant that any gamblers who were excellent at guessing could make a very large sum of money by picking the winning team. Some people‚ however‚ did not feel the need to guess‚ but simply rig the game‚ which is how the Chicago Black Sox Scandal of 1919 came about. It started out with a group of gamblers who came up with the idea‚ one used to be a pitcher‚ so he had some connections with baseball players. There
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