REVIEW FOR TEST 4: GENETICS CHAPTER 12 -1406 CHAPTER 8- 1408 MITOSIS 1. Define: genome‚ gene‚ chromosomes‚ chromatin‚ binary fission‚ homologous chromosomes‚ sister chromatids‚ daughter chromosomes‚ somatic cells‚ gametes‚ centromere‚ kinetochore‚ karyokinesis‚ spindle fibers‚ kinetochore microtubules‚ nonkinetochore microbules‚ centrosome‚ asters 2. List differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genome. 3. A chromosome consists of ____ (60%) and ____ (40%).
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Which of the following is most likely to occur when a tumor-suppressor gene is mutated? - The tumor-suppressor gene and resulting protein may lose its function and ability to suppress cell proliferation. Mutations can produce a polypeptide with increased function. - TRUE ________can convert proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. - Nonsense mutations Most human embryos that are aneuploidy - are spontaneously aborted in the first trimester. Horses and donkeys are closely related species that can
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asexual reproduction. A more stringent definition is agamogenesis which refers to reproduction without the fusion of gametes. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as the archaea‚ bacteria‚ and protists. Many plants and fungi reproduce asexually as well. While all prokaryotes reproduce asexually (without the formation and fusion of gametes)‚ mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation‚ transformation and transduction are sometimes likened
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oppo-site poles. 4. Telophase: Chromosomes uncoil at opposite ends and become enclosed by a reformed nuc-lear envelope. C. Cytokinesis: Physical division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells. MEIOSIS Meiosis produces four haploid nuclei called gametes from a single diploid cell. Haploid (N) is half of the diploid num-ber. In interphase‚ chromosomes are replicated and align in homologous pairs. Each pair contains a maternal and paternal homologue inherited from the previous genera-tion. An important
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Chapter 12 Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are regulatory proteins that assist in the cell cycle. Particular protein kinases give the go-ahead signals at G1 and G2 checkpoints. These protein kinases are present at a constant concentration in the cell but are inactive unless in the presence of cyclin‚ these are cyclin dependent kinases. The activity of a cdk rises and falls with the concentration of cyclin. Cyclin levels rise during the S and G2 phases then fall abruptly in the M phase
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AP LAB # 3: MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS Website to go for quizzes and activities: Print out the quizzes for mitosis and meiosis http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/ OVERVIEW Exercise 3A is a study of mitosis. You will simulate the stages of mitosis by using chromosome models.You will use prepared slides of onion root tips to study plant mitosis and to calculate the relative duration of the phases of mitosis in the meristem of root tissue. Prepared slides of the whitefish blastula
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4.1.1 State that eukaryote chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins.(1) State means to give a specific name‚ value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation. The chromosome is composed of two main molecules. a) DNA b) Proteins called histones. This image was taken shortly after DNA a replication but before the prophase. It is composed of two daughter chromatids joined at the centromere. The chromosome is super coiled by a factor around x16‚000. The DNA molecule is about 1
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are those mechanisms that isolate species before fertilisation i.e. before a zygote is formed. They include geographical‚ ecological‚ temporal‚ ethological‚ mechanical‚ morphological and gametic isolation. These mechanisms lesson the possibility of gametes from different species coming into contact and hence forming a zygote. One prezygotic isolating mechanism is ecological isolation‚ also referred to as habitat isolation. Ecological isolation prevents different species that live in the same territory
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1. Allele-One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome Example: Most multicellular organisms have two sets of chromosomes‚ that is‚ they are diploid Example: Allelic variation at a locus is measurable as the number of alleles present‚ or the proportion of heterozygotes in the population. 2. Gene-A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
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Immanuel Kant explores the morals of an action based on the action’s fidelity to rules or regulations‚ each person has dignity as well as the ability to reason. Kant disagrees with the utilitarian principle; he believes that you shouldn’t make decisions based on pleasure. “Kant’s moral theory is based on his view of the human being as having the unique capacity for rationality. No other animal possesses such a propensity for reasoned thought and action‚ and it is exactly this ability that requires
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