Chapter 6 Explain what free energy is and how it can be used to predict the energetic outcome of chemical reactions.Free energy is defined as the energy available to do work in any system. The free energy is denoted by the symbol G. G = H – TS* H: the energy contained in a molecule’s chemical bonds‚ called enthalpy.* TS: the energy term related to the degree of disorder in the system. T is the absolute temperature (K)‚ and S is the entropy.We can use the change in free energy to predict whether
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Biology Q. 1. Biological organisation starts with: a. Atomic level b. Submicroscopic molecular level c. Cellular level d. Organismic level Sol. Correct choice: (2) Q. 2. About 98 percent of the mass of every living organism is composed of just six elements including carbon‚ hydrogen‚ nitrogen‚ oxygen and: a. calcium and phosphorous b. phosphorus and sulphur c. sulphur and magnesium d. magnesium and sodium Sol. Correct choice: (1) Q. 3. Which one of the following is an example of negative
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Which of the following most accurately restates Mendel’s law of segregation A) genes are inherited in discrete units from one generation to the next B) genes can exist in different forms‚ known as alleles C) homologous chromosomes separate during gamete formation D) genes on different chromosomes are inherited independently E) all of the above 4) The phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross showing independent assortment is expected to be A) 1:2:1. B) 3:1. C) 9:1:1:3. D) 3:9:9:1
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though the reproductive system is essential to keeping a species alive‚ unlike other body systems‚ it’s not essential to keeping an individual alive. In the human reproductive process‚ two kinds of sex cells‚ or gametes‚ are involved. The male gamete‚ or sperm‚ and the female gamete‚ the egg or ovum‚ meet in the female’s reproductive system to create a new individual. Both the male and female reproductive systems are essential for reproduction. The female needs a male to fertilize her egg‚ even
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Observing Mitosis and Meiosis on Cell Specimens Name: Low Celine Tables of Content…………………………………………………………………………….ii List of Illustrations…………………………………………………………………………… iii Synopsis………………………………………………………………………………………. iv 1. Objectives of Experiment………………………………………………………………… 1 2. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….1 3. Theory…………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 4. Procedures………………………………………………………………………………... 3 5.1 Preparation of Onion Root
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Abstract The basic principle of Mendelian inheritance was studied using the fruit fly‚ Drosophila Melanogaster. A Cinnabar Brown female was crossed with Wild Type male. The flies were mated in a jar containing a nutrient medium and then placed in an incubator. The experiment was conducted over a period of 5 weeks. Cinnabar (cn) and brown (bw) are two loci in Drosophila with recessive eye colour mutations. Mutations in cn cause a bright red eye and mutations in bw cause a brown eye. Double mutants
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Gene therapy is being currently developed in labs across the world‚ with the goal of eventually being able to alter a person’s genetic make up effectively and consistently. If the subject has a missing or defective gene‚ scientists are able to inactivate the mutated gene and transplant a normal healthy one. Should the mutated gene be responsible for the lack of production to a particular protein‚ gene therapy may be able to restore normal function of the polypeptide and essential save the cell and
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Introduction: The process of Meiosis involves 2 nuclear divisions that result in the formation of four haploid cells (2). Meiosis I is preceded by interphase‚ during which DNA synthesis occurs and each chromosome is made of two chromatids joined at the centromeres. In meiosis I‚ chromatids of homologous chromosomes may exchange parts by crossing over. During Prophase I homologous chromosomes come together and synapse. A tetrad consisting of four chromatids is also formed (2). In Metaphase I‚ the
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(method of reproduction found in many invertebrate organisms). o Sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction carries considerably more risk. It involves the combining of genetic information from to individuals. The meeting of the special sex cells (gametes)‚ which carry this information is by no means certain and arranging for them to meet often carries an element of risk‚ for animals at least. But the great advantage of sexual reproduction is that it introduces variety‚ which is of great value when
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Ch. 51- FAP: sequence of behaviors that are usually carried through to completion. Habituation:loss of sensitivity to unimportant stimuli. Associative learning: associating one stimulus with another. Class. Conditioning: association of an irrelevant stimulus with a fixed physiological response. Cognition: animal’s ability to perceive‚ store‚ process‚ and use info. from its sensory receptors. Agonistic behavior: contest to determine which competitor gains access to a resource. Ch. 54- Nitrogen fixation:
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