Frankfort Review Chapter-01.qxd 5/13/2005 12:20 PM Page 1 A Review of Descriptive Data Analysis Descriptive Data Analysis for Nominal Variables: Gender and Local Political Party Activism Organize the Data into a Frequency Distribution Display the Data in a Graph Describe What Is Average or Typical of a Distribution Describe Variability Within a Distribution Describe the Relationship Between Two Variables Descriptive Data Analysis for Ordinal Variables: Continuing Our Research
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References: Bcb.com. Tropic levels. Retrieved on April 14. 2014. Retrieved from: http://www.bcb.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/ecology/trophics/troph.htm Biotopics.com. Competition. Retrieved on April 14‚ 2014. Retrieved From: http://www.biotopics.co.uk/newgcse/Competition.html Figures
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producer‚ consumers – tertiary‚ quairtinary‚ primary‚ secondary‚ and the role of the decomposer) Would bacteria be considered a decomposer? What happens to the 90% of energy that does not transfer to the next trophic level in a food chain? What amount of energy gets transferred to each level of the food chain as you move up it? Know how to choose organism types in a food chain EX: phytoplankton = primary
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forests of the tiaga‚ and so they have a longer growing season. This gives the plants more time to produce food‚ and the forest yields about 6000 Kilocalories per square meter per year for animals to eat. These primary producers form the first trophic level. The trees in the deciduous forest shed their leaves in winter. This prevents their branches from being broken by the weight of the snow‚ but also means that they have to grow leaves anew each spring. The trees and shrubs produce flowers‚ seeds‚ and
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ordering the right quantity (lot size) at the right time. Less order produces less order costs; but for a higher level of order quantity the storage costs rise. The advantage of a great inventory is that there is a high level of service and most customer requirements can be fulfilled. Real (short term) inventory problems are those‚ who deal with order costs‚ storage costs and the service level. Problems of long term inventory control do not belong to this issue‚ because the order costs are considered
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political affiliation)‚ are the simplest. Attitude scales such as the Likert scale are examples of ordinal data. A Likert-type scale asks you to answer a question by making a choice along a range of answers numbered from‚ say‚ 1 through 5. With interval level data‚ the values tell you something about the difference between given values. Test score data‚ for example‚ are often interval. Consider the design of your study. The gold standard in most research is the randomized experiment‚ in which subjects
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difficult situations‚ and even pain can teach us important lessons that in the long run help us to enjoy life more fully. When we choose to see all experiences as gifts from the divine and opportunities for growth and understanding‚ we open to a deeper level of divine guidance. ACCEPTANCE AND UNDERSTANDING Our Core Essence. Deep down we are all beautiful beings worthy of love and support. The sweet innocence of babies and young children is a clear example of this. Yet for most of us‚ the shining essence
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FOUNDATIONS OF KNOWLEDGE BECOMING A CRITICAL READER OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH RE-SEARCH methodical investigation to seek answers that involve explanation and understanding Positivism – falsification and replication all research has flaws limited resources & ‘the least worst option’ is research ‘fit for purpose?’ research is presented as if ‘fit for purpose’ facts‚ findings and critical reading Tim Hartford – but there are more Ben Goldacre (Guardian)‚ Seife (Proofiness) WHY
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Chapter 1 How do we know what we know? Experience Tradition Authority Errors in Inquiry Inaccurate Observation Overgeneralization Selective Observation Illogical Reasoning A Variable Language Variables and Attributes Variables Vs. Attributes (attributes make up the variable) (EX. Education/ high school‚ college‚ vocational‚ post graduate) Causality Specifications or relationships between variables. Independent and Dependent Variables (dependent variable
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that plants obtain from soil-enters as dust or as solutes dissolved in rainwater or leached from rock in the ground. Output example: Gases return elements to the atmosphere‚ and the water carries materials away. Energy‚ Mass‚ and Trophic Levels The trophic level that ultimately supports all others consists of autotrophs‚ is also called the Primary Producers Example of Primary Producer: Photosynthetic Organism Herbivores which eat plants and other primary producers‚ are Primary Consumers Example
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