ABSTRACT This document provides information for a report to congress on Smart Grid security as required by Section 1309 of Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. The security of any future Smart Grid is dependent on successfully addressing the cyber security issues associated with the nation’s current power grid. Smart Grid will utilize numerous legacy systems and technologies that are currently installed.Therefore‚ known vulnerabilities in these legacy systems must
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SMART GRID Abstract--The Smart Grid is the integration of Electrical & Digital Technologies‚ Information and communication which facilitates integration of business processes and systems to yield real measurable value across the power delivery chain. It is an intelligent future electricity system that connects all supply‚ grid and demand elements through a communication system. Smart grid delivers electricity to consumers using two-way digital technology that enable the efficient management of
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pertaining to actual usage. Smart grids allows for two way communications between the electricity company and the homes allowing both electric companies and homes to operate more efficiently. This two way communication will allow home users to cut costs by efficiently utilizing energy. Smart grids will also allow the electricity companies to raise prices when the demand is high and lower prices when the demand is low. Mirroring the price advantage‚ smart grids will allow the user to dictate the
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education *4849274249* 0580/42 MATHEMATICS October/November 2012 Paper 4 (Extended) 2 hours 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Electronic calculator Mathematical tables (optional) Geometrical instruments Tracing paper (optional) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name on all the work you
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5. Managerial Grid The x/y axis on the grid consist of two behavior dimensions‚ concern for people and concern for production. Concern for people is the degree to which a leader considers the needs of employees when deciding how tasks or jobs should be done. This can be personal or professional development. This behavior dimension moves along the y-axis. Concern for production is the degree to which a leader emphasizes objectives and productivity goals when deciding how tasks or jobs should
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From Novice to Expert Patricia E. Benner This page was last updated on September 16‚ 2011 Introduction •Dr Patricia Benner introduced the concept that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a sound educational base as well as a multitude of experiences. •She proposed that one could gain knowledge and skills ("knowing how") without ever learning the theory ("knowing that"). •She further explains that the development of knowledge in applied
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place and grid cells Spatial learning and memory have been implicated in navigation and the formation of episodic memory (Pilly & Grossenberg‚ 2011). Episodic memory can be affected by neurological disorders‚ such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. A better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying spatial behaviour could therefore help to understand such cognitive decline. An important contribution to this endeavour was the discovery of spatially modulated place and grid cells (Kiehn &
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SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY IN T&D A smart grid is an umbrella term that covers modernization of both the transmission and distribution grids.The concept of a smart grid is that of a “digital upgrade” of distribution and long distance transmission grids to both optimize current operations by reducing the losses‚as well as open up new markets for alternative energy production India has a power grid that is ripe for renovation and transformation. More than a third of the nation’s grid electricity
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Grid Organization Development One of the most structured and popular organization wise interventions programs in OD is Grid OD‚ developed by psychologist Robert Blake and Jane Mouton (1964‚1969) This approach to OD emphasizes the importance of both helping managers become more effective and systematically creating and ideal strategic model to guide organizational planning and actions. This OD intervention uses a variety of specially designed diagnostic instruments that enable individuals
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Living “Off the Grid” could be a different experience for someone to do in life. Thinking about someone living off the grid raises many questions. How lonely is it‚ are people constantly busy‚ or do they sometimes struggle to find certain necessities? When first thinking about living off the grid‚ it has deemed as something crazy. Defined living off the grid is a state of degree of self-sufficiency with little to no reliance on public utilities‚ especially the three traditional basics: energy (power)
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