proton to the catalyst‚ or it may undergo a further reaction and form a completely new molecule. Up until the mid - 1960’s silica-alumina gels were used to catalyse the cracking of hydrocarbons. This form of cracking is where the large molecules in oil are converted into small‚ highly volatile molecules. However because the size of the pores of silica-alumina gels was so
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Methods to elucidate gene function Historically‚ studies to identify genes that function in a particular process involve forward genetics. One way to mutate genes using this process is to expose organisms to a mutagen (typically either a chemical or gamma radiation)‚ randomly mutating the genome in many animals. We then screen these animals for defects in the process we wish to study – essentially‚ looking for physical or behavioral changes in the organism. Mutagenesis (creating mutations) is
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Specific Activity- 6 3.5 Determination of pH Optimum 6 3.6 Determination of Michaelis-Menten Constant 7 3.7 Ammonium Sulphate Fractionation 7 3.8 Gel Filtration on Sephadex 7 3.9 Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose 7 4 Results 8 4.1 Freshly Prepared Crude 8 4.2 Crude Thawed after a Week of Freezing 9 4.3 Sephadex 25 Gel Filtration 11 4.4 Determination of Optimum pH 12 4.5 Ion Exchange Chromatography 13 4.6 Michaelis-Menten Kinetics 13 5 Discussion and Conclusion
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Tomato is a very significant ingredient to Filipino cuisines thus it is produced widely in the Philippines. Tomatoes rank second to aubergine in the aspect of food production. Dejectedly‚ the production of fruits in the Philippines is below average level due to the damages caused by various insects and viruses. The infections of these pests cause a yield reduction of 50% to 100% which threatens the livelihood of the small scale farmers of tomatoes. Aside from pests‚ the
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Marketing Plan “Biotherm Shower Kids” Student: Susanne Fischer Lecturer: Edgar Barroso 17/07/2012 1 1. Executive Summary Biotherm‚ one of the luxury brands of L´Oréal‚ is going to launch a new product in the child care segment‚ the shower gel “Biotherm Shower Kids”‚ developed especially for the sensible skin of babies and kids. Its first launch will be in Germany‚ as its market for luxury cosmetic products is highly attractive. According to McKinsey German consumers spent more in luxury
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genetically from parents to their children‚ so that if a person has the trait‚ then at least one of their parents had the trait as well (New York Science Teacher). Approximately 75% of individuals are tasters‚ and 25% are non-tasters (StewartKhataan). Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments by length of molecules. Smaller segments move more easily than larger segments.
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On one hand‚ fresh aloe vera gel is also effective when battling scars. Massage these gels into the affected area and wait for your scars to disappear. Aloe vera is also a great moisturizer‚ which can not only eliminate scars but it can also improve the complexion of the user. • Other Natural Treatments There
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present in the reaction seen with the intensity of colors cab be read by ELISA reader. [pic] Types of ELISA ■ Direct ELISA ■ Indirect ELISA ■ Sandwich ELISA ■ Competitive ELISA ■ Multiplex ELISA [pic] AGAR GEL
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Southern Blotting Southern blotting was named after Edward M. Southern who developed this procedure at Edinburgh University in the 1970s. To oversimplify‚ DNA molecules are transferred from an agarose gel onto a membrane. Southern blotting is designed to locate a particular sequence of DNA within a complex mixture. For example‚ Southern Blotting could be used to locate a particular gene within an entire genome. The amount of DNA needed for this technique is dependent on the size and specific activity
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Beta-Galactosidase and Western Blot 0 1. EMG 9 and EMG 26 contain strain _lac-_(I- Z+ Y+) and strain _lac -_ (I+ Z- Y-)respectively.Three genes huddled together on the chromosome are required for two strains of _E.coli_ to utilize lactose.Consisting of three genes‚ namely‚ _lacZ_‚ _lacY_ and _lacA_‚ the _lac_ operon orderly handles these genes to code specific enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lactose. The genes _lacZ_‚ _lacY_ and _lacI_ would code for beta-galactosidase‚ galactosidase permease
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