AP Biology Mid-Term Study Guide 2015 Monitha Patel Chemical Bonding Compounds Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two or more different atoms Molecule Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Ionic Electron attraction between two atoms Cations (+1) and Anions (-1) attract Covalent Sharing of valance electrons between atoms Nonpolar Electrons are shared equally O2 Polar Covalent Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms Two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen
Free Protein Gene Adenosine triphosphate
This momentary pause is brought about either by the nusA protein‚ a protein that binds to the RNA polymerase so tightly it causes the polymerase to stall [1]‚ or by a run of G nucleotides on the template strand near the end of the gene[2] . Next‚ the DNA/RNA helix formed in the Oligo (U) tail becomes unstable due the rU/dA bond only containing 2 hydrogen bonds. The G/C rich region of the hairpin gives the structure extra strength and stability due to the 3 hydrogen bonds between
Premium DNA RNA Gene
The Defective Kernel1 (DEK1) is a highly conserved membrane-anchored gene which is found in most of the land plant and this gene belongs to the calpain family that plays an important role in plant body organization. This study was done by taking Physcomitrella patens as a model plant because they possess DEK1 as the dominant phytocalpain. The study was mainly focused upon the comparision of steady state level of dek1 transcripts in wild type (WT)‚ dek1 non-expressing PpΔdek1 and dek1 overexpressing
Premium DNA Gene Genetics
Running Head: EPIGENESIS TO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 1 Epigenesis to Cognitive Development EPIGENESIS TO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2 Epigenesis to Cognitive Development Case Study Epigenesis is defined as the set of processes by which environmental factors outside of hereditary material itself can influence how hereditary materials functions (Broderick & Blewitt‚ 2014). Cells specialize because chromosomal material is influenced by the environment surrounding the cell. Something
Premium DNA Gene expression Gene
rate-limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis. ACC is then converted to ethylene by ACC oxidase (ACO)‚ a member of the oxygenase/oxidase superfamily of enzymes6.The ACS plays a central role to regulate ethylene production through changes in ACS gene expression levels and the stability/activity of the enzyme. ACS proteins can be divided into 3 groups (type-1‚ 2 & 3) based on their C-terminal domain and the presence of phosphorylation sites. Type-1 and -2 ACS isoforms contain phosphorylation sites for
Premium Protein DNA Gene
homolog 2) gene already cloned onto it was firstly amplified by PCR‚ then cloned in the pBluescript plasmid vector. EZH2 is an enzyme which adds methyl groups to the twenty seventh amino acid (Lysine) and is encoded by EZH2‚ the EZH2 gene encodes part of the Polycomb group which make protein complexes that help to maintain genes transcriptional repressive state over successive cell generations. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2146 Throughout this lab report template DNA that contains the gene EZH2
Premium DNA Gene Protein
The first gene suspected in a familial form of ALS was SOD1‚ though it only accounts for a small percentage of familial forms of the disease. The following discoveries were the mutations in the genes for FUS ans TARDBP (encoding for TDP-43 protein). Neuropathological analysis led to the identification of insoluble cytoplasmic phosphorylated protein deposits in brain and spinal cord. TDP-43 is a broadly expressed and highly conserved protein with different functions in RNA metabolism‚ including RNA
Premium DNA Gene Genetics
Human Embryonic Kidney(HEK) 293 cells were transiently transfected with pEGFP-N1(Clontech‚ Palo Alto‚ CA‚ encoding enhanced GFP as an indicator of transfection) and pEGFP-LeIF plasmids cloned at previous studies(Ghafarifar and et al‚ in press) by Calcium phosphate and non- tranfected cells was used as negative control. briefly‚ Hek-293 cells were grown at 37°C in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM‚ Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS‚ Gibco) and 5% CO2. Log-phase cells were employed
Premium DNA Gene Immune system
Autism or Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both general terms for a group of complex disorder of brain development. Genome is the genetics material of an organism. It includes DNA or RNA both genes and the non-protein-coding information of the DNA or RNA. Autism specturm disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental disabilities that can cause social‚ communicational and behavioral challenges. Scientists and Committees continue to search for factor that cause children at risk for ASD and possible
Premium DNA Gene Genetics
has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.” The simple version of that definition is basically that people‚ for whatever reason‚ decided to modify crops or organisms to fit certain qualifications and characteristics of their choosing. The gene introduced into the organism is exaggerated to fit the desire of the creator. For example‚ the most commonly genetically modified crops
Premium DNA Genetically modified food Genetically modified organism