There are currently no transgenic potatoes marketed for human consumption. In October 2011 BASF requested cultivation and marketing approval as a feed and food from the EFSA for its Fortuna potato‚ which was made resistant to late blight by adding two resistance genes‚ blb1 and blb2‚ which originate from the Mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum. However in February 2013 BASF withdrew its application. In May 2013‚ the J.R Simplot Company sought USDA approval for their "Innate" potatoes‚ which contain 10 genetic modifications that
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Alan Holmes Jr. Ms. Maureen Cunningham ENG 090‚ 4501 26 January 2011 What is expression? When I sit back and actually think about all the things that people do to express their thoughts‚ feelings‚ and beliefs‚ it really amazes me at the things people will do. It all starts when you are a young kid and you just have to tell everyone how you feel or what you saw. When you are young you will say exactly what is on your mind even if it is not in the best interest of others. Even though it seems
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nerve cells. Tau proteins perform the function of stabilizing microtubules. 3. What is an isoform? How many tau isoforms are there in the brain? An isoform is a protein that has the same function as another protein but is encoded by a different gene and may have small differences in its sequence. There are 6 tau isoforms in the brain. 4a. What is phosphorylation? Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. 4b. What enzyme causes phosphorylation
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pattern (Ward‚ 1975 #4;Sulston‚ 1977 #8;Sulston‚ 1983 #9;Ward‚ 1975 #4;Sulston‚ 1977 #8;Sulston‚ 1983 #9;Ward‚ 1975 #4;White‚ 1986 #3). The sensory system of C. elegans is highly developed‚ in fact‚ much of its nervous system and more than 5 % of its genes are committed to the perception of environmental chemicals (Bargmann 2006). In response to chemosensory cues‚ animals can display many different behaviors
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is that RNA uses uracil instead of the thymine in DNA. DNA replicates itself and RNA is synthesized from RNA on an as-needed basis. Their stability and reaction is also different. DNA is more stable and less reactive than RNA because of the deoxyribose sugar’s C-H bonds. It is stable in alkaline conditions; DNA has smaller grooves‚ which makes it harder for enzymes to “attack.” RNA is more reactive because of the ribose sugar’s C-OH‚ hydroxyl‚ bonds. Unlike DNA‚ it is not stable in alkaline conditions
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protozoan parasites that includes etiological agents of some important human illnesses: Leishmania major (leishmaniasis)‚ Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) and Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping sickness). Trypanosomatids have a large number of MAPK-related genes in their genomes. This feature‚ associated with the complex life cycle of these parasites‚ possibly reflects a role of MAPK cascades in the responses to environmental cues (Parsons‚ Worthey et al. 2005). Several MAPKs were found to be activated in
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Bystander effect in apoptosis To reciprocate the scenario of cell growth‚ the bystander effect can lead cells towards apoptosis. There has been conflicting reports indicating both the expression of connexins induced apoptosis and may also supress/ prolong apoptosis. Studies have shown the expression of Cx32 in Caki-1 cells (human metastatic renal carcinoma cell line) had a suppressive effect on Caki-1 cell growth in mice and also significantly reduce the anchorage and invasiveness of the carcinoma
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A tear. A frown. Expressions like these are made voluntarily‚ or involuntarily. We take this ability to express our emotions for granted. It might not be possible if certain muscles were missing or malfunctioning. Being the social creatures that we are‚ the ability to express our emotions with a single twitch of a muscle is indispensable. Facial expressions and body language are generally more telling of a creature’s true emotional state‚ or its agenda. Much of these expressions are made by our sub-conscious
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55-year old woman is send to molecular genetics laboratory for p53 mutation analysis. DNA isolated from the tumor cells was screened for sequence alterations due to difference in the nucleotide sequence caused by mutations in the exon 4 to 9 of p53 gene. The results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent direct sequencing for exon 5 are shown below: What information is gained from PAGE results? What additional information is gained from sequencing in regards to the patient condition
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GDF15/MIC-1 is a product of macrophage activation‚ suggesting that it may be involved in chronic inflammatory processes (-). GDF15 is a stress-responsive member of the TGF-β superfamily and initially described as macrophage inhibitory cytokine (-). Although GDF15 has been described in many solid tumors for almost 10 years‚ the nature of its receptor is still unknown. There is some evidence of Smad signaling pathway activation‚ suggesting GDF15 may act through TGF-β receptor superfamily pathways (-)
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