G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface proteins that relay extracellular signals to the nucleus. These signals can be in the form of light‚ peptides‚ lipids‚ and sugars. Once activated by a ligand at the outer cell surface‚ GPCRs activate their cognate G-proteins that reside on the inner cell membrane. The activated G-proteins then slide along the inside of the cell membrane to activate a cascade of proteins and enzymes that in turn amplify the original message received by the GPCR
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Using the same steps as finding the size of the Paramecium specimen with the ocular reticle and the stage micrometer. Any object can be found by first adjusting the microscope for Kohler illumination and using the 10x objective lens to observe the object. Use the course focus knob and adjust until the object is clear. Afterwards switch the nosepiece into a higher objective and adjust the current magnification with the fine focus knob until the object is in an acceptable field of view. Using the ocular
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Cancer Assignment: Part A 1. Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells grows and divide out of control‚ it is caused by a change in DNA that controls the cell cycle. This DNA change causes for cells not to stay in interphase for the normal amount of time‚ and some of the checkpoints fail and cause the cells to divide uncontrollably. The uncontrollable division rate can create a massive group of cells called a tumour. The cells of the tumour may stay together and have no other effect on the tissues
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Biomechanical Analysis: Shot Put A biomechanical standpoint‚ the shot put and has many different aspects that can be look at upon the affects of many different factors. Although there are many different factors that are important to success and performance related to the shot put and discuss. Thus‚ I am going to look at the speed‚ the angle‚ and the height of release. These factors are particularly important to performance of the shot put and discus but there are many other important factors that
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Macroautophagy‚ a cellular process regulated by p53 is an intracellular system that involves the break down of cytoplasmic contents within the lysosome. This mechanism is a form of adaptation to cellular stress such as starvation‚ trophic factor deprivation‚ hypoxia‚ endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress (Levine & Abrams‚ 2008). Through adaptation‚ it allows the prevention of cell death. There are three types of autophagy: macroautophagy‚ microautophagy‚ and chaperone-mediated autophagy
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PERSONAL POTRAIT: A BIOLOGICAL NARRATIVE 2 John C. Carter Capella University Dr. Janice J. Caron August 29‚ 2010 Abstract Eric Erickson is best known for his studies with psychosocial development‚ or the development of a person within a social context. Eric Erickson’s theories focused primarily on the correlation of the release of sexual tension and psychosexual development. The purpose of this paper is for the author to develop a personal portrait integrating Erickson’s developmental
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Zebrafish Embryotoxicity Test (ZET) The ZET will be done following the method proposed by Beekhuijzen et al. (2015) with modifications. Six embryos will be exposed to each of the following treatments: 0.1‚ 0.05‚ 0.025‚ 0.0125‚ and 0.00625 mg/ml. Embryos will be incubated in 24-well plates with built-in lids. Each well will contain one embryo and 2 ml of the respective treatment. All test solutions will be renewed every 24h to maintain the integrity of the test concentrations. The embryos will
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Hox Genes | November 15 2010 | | Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy | Homeotic complex (Hox) genes are defined as a group of related genes that specify the anterior-posterior axis and segment identity of metazoan organisms during early embryonic development. These are situated very close to one another on the chromosome in groups of clusters. The orders of these genes located on the chromosomes are the same as the expression of the genes in the development of an embryo‚ whereas the first
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Gene Therapy for Renal Diseases and Transplantation Contributions to Nephrology Vol. 159 Series Editor Claudio Ronco Vicenza Gene Therapy for Renal Diseases and Transplantation Volume Editors Ariela Benigni Bergamo Giuseppe Remuzzi Bergamo 15 figures‚ 4 in color‚ and 6 tables‚ 2008 Basel · Freiburg · Paris · London · New York · Bangalore · Bangkok · Shanghai · Singapore · Tokyo · Sydney Contributions to Nephrology (Founded 1975 by Geoffrey M. Berlyne) Ariela Benigni
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promoter gene and a reporter gene. The promoter gene is turned on (transcribed) when the target agent is present in the cell’s environment. The promoter gene in a normal bacterial cell is linked to other genes that are then likewise transcribed and then translated into proteins that help the cell in either combating or adapting to the agent to which it has been exposed. In the case of a bioreporter‚ these genes‚ or portions thereof‚ have been removed and replaced with a Signal reporter gene. Consequently
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