CHAPTER EIGHT 8 AN OVERVIEW OF GENE EXPRESSION HOW TRANSCRIPTIONAL SWITCHES WORK THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT CREATE SPECIALIZED CELL TYPES POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROLS Control of Gene Expression An organism’s DNA encodes all of the RNA and protein molecules that are needed to make its cells. Yet a complete description of the DNA sequence of an organism—be it the few million nucleotides of a bacterium or the few billion nucleotides in each human cell—does not enable us to reconstruct the
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(base sequence of RNA): AUG GGA AAU CAU CGG UGA Translation (amino acid sequence): Met (Start) Gly Asp His Arg Stop Mutated gene sequence one: 3’-T A C G C T T T A G T A G C C A T T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA): AUG CGA AAU CAU CGG UAA Translation (amino acid sequence): Met(Start) Arg Asp His Arg Stop Mutated gene sequence two: 3’-T A A C C T T T A C T A G G C A C T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA): AUU GGA AAU GAU CCG UGA Translation
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How do we know we know what each individual gene does? One way to investigate the function of a gene is to just remove the gene and analyze what happens to the organism. Let’s say we have a gene of unknown function in the human genome‚ an unidentified gene. First‚ compare it to other genes to see what similar sequences they have‚ if they code some similar sequences they might code for similar functions. However‚ if the gene the unidentified gene codes for something different we have seen before this
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changing the genes of your child. You can change them in multiple way. One of which is changing the amount of pain they feel and the way that your baby looks. Personally‚ I believe that the changing of babies genes are okay‚ but only in some situation. It isn’t okay if you want it to happen for your child to become smarter‚ but if it is for medical reasons‚ then it is okay. First let’s introduce you to what genes are. Genes are a set of instructions that determine what the organism is like. Genes determine
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W4Q1 Meiosis is the process by which cells divide and create living creatures. Without meiosis we cannot have the process of mitosis‚ which is the process by which cells of tissue are created for living creatures. When meiosis occurs 4 daughter cells are created‚ while only 2 are created in mitosis. With the creation of 2 daughter cells the new cells will be similar to the parent cell‚ but will have differences‚ as there more parent cells involved. When mitosis occurs the daughter cells will be
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of inheriting the gene‚ which will in turn will eventually lead to the onset of the disease (Oster‚ Shoulson‚ & Dorsey‚ 2013). It is the neurodegeneration of the brain‚ but have more specifically been found in the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex (de Paula‚ Concalves‚ & Vieira‚ 2015). The huntingtin gene (HTT) is the instruction manual to produce the protein huntingtin‚ which helps neurons in the brain to function (Huntington disease‚ 2016). The mutation is in the HTT gene in the DNA segment
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“Ghost in Your Genes”- when hearing this I thought of something unknown‚ overtaking your body‚ or at least a part of your body. The movie‚ Ghost in Your Genes‚ presents an experiment done in the 1990s‚ called the Human Genome Project (Ghost in Your Genes). During this project‚ researchers were able to discover the chemical structure of each gene and overall they hoped to find a cure for all diseases‚ such as alzheimer’s and autism (Ghost in Your Genes). It was also found out that humans‚ surprisingly
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Genetics X143 Professor Yund 4.23.13 How do genes generate the Phenotype? “Every aspet of an organism is determined or influenced by the genes of the organism” What genes are‚ what they do‚ how they interact with eachother and the enviroment to generate a phenotype. Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins or RNA molecules. These genes are the genetic material that is passed down from generation to generation in all species. The individual DNA segments each individual carries are
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mutate gene out of the embryo and replacing it with a healthy unmutated gene. This is remarkable because with this discovery we can cure a lot of single gene diseases such as Huntington’s Disease‚ Cystic Fibrosis‚ Tay-Sachs disease‚ and breast cancer‚ these are a few examples of the single gene diseases that can be cured with this gene editing. Diseases that are not able to be cured by the replacement of these genes are the much more complex diseases that contain hundreds and thousands of genes such
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The Relationship between Gene Copy Number‚ Amylase Concentration‚ and Gene Evolution Matthew Fantauzzi 400007178 Shawn Hercules - L15 25 November 2015 Abstract In this lab‚ students were experimenting to determine if a relationship exists between gene copy number‚ amylase concentration‚ and gene evolution. At the same time‚ this lab was designed to introduce university freshman to the etiquette and conventions used in a formal research setting. The methods used ranged from sample production
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