Abstract: This report presents the reason why the ocean does not freeze in the winter. Since the ocean consists of salt water‚ an experiment was done to test the effect of freezing on salt water compared to pure water. The experiment was conducted three times in order to obtain accurate results and eliminate errors. In addition to the salt and pure water experiment‚ a variation of this experiment was created to test other options. In the variation experiment the effect of freezing on sugar water
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ACID / BASE BUFFER SYSTEMS Abstract A buffer solution is a solution that contains both an acid and a salt containing the conjugate base / acid in sufficient concentrations so as to maintain a relatively constant pH when either acid or base is added. In this experiment a selection of buffer solutions (Bicarbonate/carbonic acid)‚ Lake water and distilled water were obtained to compare their buffering behaviours when mixed both with an acid and a base. The results showed buffering capacities for
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Enzyme Lab Using Jello INTRODUCTION: Enzymes are known as protein catalysts. The name protein catalyst suggests that most enzymes are made of proteins. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. (Giuseppe‚ M 2002‚ p.69). After a reaction has been catalyzed‚ the catalyst can be used again to catalyze the same reaction. Enzymes reduce the activation energy (minimal energy) it takes for a reaction to take place. Enzymes can either catabolize
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investigates the enzymatic effect of various materials in the hydrogen peroxide solution. Table 1 Test Tube Contents with 5 cm3 hydrogen peroxide Observations before and after using wood splint Observation of after Observation of after adding hydrogen using wooden glowing peroxide splinter 1 Fresh liver Moderate amount of effervescence is produced . Pop sound is heard . The glowing splinter is ignited with violent flame
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City University of Hong Kong Dept. of Physics & Materials Science AP2104 Mechanics of Solids Laboratory Manual Experiment 1 Pure Bending of a Beam Experiment 2 Torsional Deformations Experiment 3 Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stresses Experiment 1 Pure Bending of a Beam Objective 1. To examine the stresses at various positions of the beam under a constant load of pure bending. 2. To determine the curvature of deflection of the beam. Introduction
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with a diffuser and stilling materials at the bottom to provide a constant head of water to be discharged through a bellmouth entry to the flow visualisation pipe. Flow through this pipe is regulated using a control valve at the discharge end. The water flow rate through the pipe can be measured using the volumetric tank (or measuring cylinder) of a Hydraulics Bench. Velocity of the water can therefore be determined to allow for the calculation of Reynolds’ number. A dye injection system is installed
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A. ENG237-02: Transients in RC and RL Circuits 0. Introduction The objective of this experiment is to study the DC transient behaviors of RC and RL circuits. This experiment has divided into 6 parts: 1. Charging curve from measured data ( R = 10M Ω and C = 4 mF ) 2. Draw the charging curve by the graphical method 3. Discharging curve from measured data ( R = 5M Ω and C = 4 mF ) 4. Draw the discharging curve by the graphical method 5. Display of the charging and discharging
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Carbohydrate Lab Report Introduction Qualitative identification of a substance is of significant importance in chemistry. Physical constants such as melting points have traditionally been used by organic chemistry for identification of unknown compounds. As for inorganic substances‚ the precipitation of a solid‚ results of a flame test‚ or the formation of a colored substance could all be keys to identifying a sample. Chromatography and spectra are amongst the newer techniques
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bonds are present in various food substances. The color violet will indicate the presence of proteins. The more intense the color is‚ the greater number of peptide bonds there are (Mbuthia‚ 2012). Methods Using the China marker‚ I numbered test tubes 1-5 for identification purposes. Using a pipet I added 1 milliliter of each solution to it’s designated test tube. Next‚ I added 5 drops of the Biuret reagent to each test tube and agitated the mixture by shaking the tubes from side to side. After
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goods like Canada‚ the effects of acid rain can be tremendous. In this lab‚ we have chosen to examine the effects of acidic and basic environments on radish plants (Raphanus sativus)‚ by implementing varying pH levels of buffer solution into the soil. We have allotted a total of four days (Tuesday‚ April 10‚ 2012- Friday April 13‚ 2012) to examine the effects of acid rain. Purpose: To investigate the effect of implementing buffer solutions of varying pH levels in soil on the growth in height of radish
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